Drug test Essay Example for Free

Drug test Essay Carl Robins, began working for ABC, Incorporated, about six months ago as a campus recruiter. This is considered a tough job, which involves many responsible. Carl had only been with the company for six months, but expressed he was ready to begin recruiting people. In early April, Carl recruited his first fifteen people. Those people would be working for Monica Carroll who was the Operations Supervisor. Monica informed Carl that she would need them to be done with orientation and working by July, first. Carl planed for all fifteen people to begin orientation on June fifteenth, this would give Carl fifteen days to finish up everything that was not complete. This case study will discuss what Carl Robins was responsible for, it will examine the key problems, and analysis what caused these problems, and provide different possible solutions to the problems. The Facts The facts in this case study, some of which have already been discussed previously are as followed: Carl had only been working for ABC, Incorporated, for six months before making the decision that he was ready to take on all the responsibilities of a recruiter. Carl recruited his first fifteen new hire employees in early April, and informed all fifteen people that orientation was scheduled for June fifteenth. Carl received a phone call May, fifteenth from Monica Carrolls, reminding him of the long list of tasks that all the fifteen new hires must have completed. The long list contained the training schedule, orientation manuals, policy handbooks, physicals, and their mandatory drug tests. On May, twenty-sixth, Carl began to look over the new hires files, and realized all the missing paperwork that needed to be completed. None of their drug tests had been completed, and Carl could find three orientation manuals all missing pages. The last thing that pushed Carl over the edge was when he passed by the training room and noticed all the computers that were set up the training room. That is when Joe informed him Carl had the room reserved for the entire month Key Problems/ Cause of problems Carl Robbins has several different problems at this point, but they all began with one root problem and over time got worse. The root problem that could have made a huge difference it if never happened is called procrastination. According to Psychology Today. com, everyone procrastinates from time to time, but about twenty percent of people deliberately avoid tasks that can be difficult and look more for some kind of distraction. It also states that procrastination plays a large role in our struggles with self-control and our ability to predict how we are going to feel tomorrow, or even the following days (Psychologytoday. com). Because Carl chose to procrastinate, many other problems branched off from the main problem. Things like; not making sure that all the mandatory drug tests were completed, or an appointment setup for them. Not having all their new hire files complete, or the manuals ready for orientation, not even having a training room for orientation. The causes of all these problems were procrastination, poor time management skill, and lack of preparation. Due to Carl’s procrastination, poor time management skills, and lack of preparation it has not only cause more stress on him, but he is going to need guidance from his boss on the best way to fix the problem. Possible Solutions to the Problem First, a list should be made of all the problems then each problem can be addressed separately. The lists of problems are as followed: 1. Procrastination 2. Incomplete applications 3. Incomplete orientation Manuals 4. No training room for orientation 5. Mandatory drug tests Procrastination is a problem that many people struggle to overcome. According to Carol Halsey the Founder and President of Business Organizing Solutions, he stated the four main reason that people procrastinate is because of poor habits, feeling overwhelmed, trying to be perfect, and would rather be doing something else (powerhomebiz. com). Here are 10 tips that Carl and many other people could try that will him them stop procrastinating: 1. 1 Keep perfectionism in check, make a list but not one that is imposable to accomplish. 2. 2 Get quick things out of the way, try doing all the small things on the list first. 3. Take small steps, break things down into small projects so you don’t get overwhelmed. 4. Reward yourself, as you accomplish small goals always reward yourself, it can become motivation. 5. Do the easy things first, try to do the easy things first so you don’t get overwhelmed. 6. Alternatively, maybe do the hard things first, try getting the hard things out of the way first? 7. Be an optimist, all ways stay positive, see the good things about the situation 8. Do not let temptations fuel you, do not let things like TV, and your phone distract you. 9. Use your energy wisely, Try to tackle your list when you have to most energy 10. Find support from others, if you are having trouble with something ask for help (Stressabout. com) The next problem that needs to be addressed making sure that the new hires have completed all of their application. This problem is not a difficult one to fix. After going through all the files, set aside the ones that need to be finished. Give them a call and set up a time in the next week to have them finish fill all the proper paper work out. I order to fix the next problem Carl needs to find a manual that does not have any missing pages. One way to try to locate one is send out a mass email and mark it as urgent, asking your fellow employees for helping you locate it. Once you get your hands on one that is complete. Making the copies should be a breeze. Now that Carl knows the training is not available, he needs to find a room big enough to fit sixteen people. Again never be afraid to ask for help for others to help fix things. Sending out emails or asking around is a good tool that needs to be utilized. If all else fells Carl could always call his local library and see if they have a training room use. Mandatory drug tests are one of the first things that need to be taken care of. Most pre- employment drug testing sites operate on a first come first serve basis. When you send someone for a drug test there is a paper that is filled out by the employer that they will need to take will them. The person taking the test will need to make sure they have their identification that shows who they are. The best plan of action that Carl should take is first to call the fifteen people and tell them he needs them to meet at his office at eight A. M. the following morning. At that point, he can finish all the paper work needed and send them for their drug test. Then he needs to send out emails asking about a training room, and the orientation manuals. Wish a little help from his fellow co-workers he should not have a problem completing those tasks Conclusion It is important when given a task to set up a plan and stick to it. If you procrastinate like has done, and many others people. You will find yourself stressed out and rushing to get everything completed. Let this be a lesson that it is important to stay on task and not wait until the last minute to try to get things done. After reading this case study now can understand the problems Carl encountered, what he did wrong that caused those problems, and different ideas to fix the problems and not make the same mistakes in the future. References Procrastination How To Stop Procrastination, retrieved from, http://stress. about. com/od/Stress-Management-How-To/ht/How-To-Stop-Procrastination-10-Tips-To-Try. htm Psych Basics Procrastination retrieved from, http://www. psychologytoday. com/basics/procrastination.

Evaluation and Control Methods at McDonalds

Evaluation and Control Methods at McDonalds Evaluation and Control of Marketing Plans I. Abstract Every commercial organization looks to the bottom line to measure their degree of success over a given fiscal period, and as a barometer of performance as well as profitability. And regardless of the product(s), goods or services that company is engaged in the success of the organization depends on effective methods to generate sales, which is marketing and the evaluation and control of all factors within the enterprise. In addition, to the degree in which it can, the company also needs to evaluate and control factors or influence those aspects that are outside of the enterprise. The degree to which a company employs the correct methods within these spheres will determine to a great extent the degree(s) of success it will have in the marketplace. Achieving success in the consumer arena, as well as staying and thriving there, is a function of an organizations ability to implement what it has learned through market research and then implement those plans while evaluating and controlling their progress through the monitoring and measurement of results against forecasts. The preceding is important, because without goals and objectives the process itself is moot. And to attain the foregoing management must be able to pin point as well as understand the relative progress being made at every step in the selling and administrative (support) process to increase the quality, value and reputation of its offering, be it a product goods or services as well as adjust, modify, control, and factors that act upon or are inherent in this synergy. The preceding success is defined by the proper application of evaluative and control theories, of which there are a number of excellent examples. Toys R Us, Nabisco, Honda, British Airways and countless other industry leaders have all managed to find the proper mix of evaluation and control methodologies in their industry sectors. And while there is no definitive system or methodology that is universal there are principles that form the foundation for the development of those methods that work within the confines of a particular industry classification and thus, marketplace. Given the subtle nature of the components comprising these processes, evaluation and control, it was determined that the selection of the McDonalds Corporation would provide an illustrative example whereby the synergies are readily apparent. The promotion and selling of hamburgers has vaulted this company into a global icon that was fostered by creating a marketing concept that the company utilizes throughout its organizational matrix. McDonalds is a stellar example of a marketing driven company that has forged new ground in its industry classification as a result of successful evaluative and control techniques. II. Introduction In business, the scorecard is revenue. It measures the success of management in developing and organizing the enterprise into a coherent operation that effectively and efficiently produces and sells its products. McDonalds is one of the worlds most successful marketing driven companies regardless of whether you personally partake of its menu offerings, the company has managed to build an extremely successful brand franchise with young adults, as well as segments of the population above thirty. The company recognized that adults have a wide breathe of selections from which to choose, and are subject to the influences of associates, co-workers and circumstances in making such. Whereas children do not have this luxury, they are a product of the small environment they operate in, which is by and large home, school and their play interludes with friends. And one of the most influential components within that environment is television. McDonalds built and maintains its franchise by consistently cultivating and dominating afternoon as well as Saturday cartoon and childrens shows to create a built in recognition and sales base in the young generation. This influence thus extends to their parents, who become marketing targets as well, and continues as McDonalds follows as well as leads them through elementary and high school, into college and the working world. The image built through these advertising messages is reinforced in locations, the huge McDonalds tractor-trailers with giant hamburgers on the side and the delivery of the product in outlets. Even the use of the color red has been selected to achieve consumer recognition (Goodell, 2003) as it relies upon its location in the color spectrum to draw our eyes to it. Red, along with yellow tends to raise ones blood pressure ever so slightly as well as very moderately dilate the pupils. These attention and recall factors have been incorporated into the recognizable McDonalds signage, locations and interiors. The preceding examples are long term components of the companys marketing strategy that have helped to drive sales making it the worlds largest fast food operator. III. An Appraisal of Evaluation and Control Methods Kotlers (2003) book Marketing Management essentially states that the understanding of what to do and adjusting the processes while in motion, are the key principles of forging a marketing plan into revenue success. Least we forget, no matter how expertly crafted a marketing plan may be, results are not guaranteed. The foregoing is because market conditions change on a consistent basis, as must varied components of the marketing plan to adjust to market realities. This does not say that the core or foundation of the plan needs adjustment, just its branches and tentacles (Britannica, 2005). Cook, et al (1993) indicated that overlooking the importance of theory in program evaluation is a mistake. Senge (1994) elaborates on the foregoing in explaining that theory is a set of assumptions that are utilized in building a practical model on varied topics or business areas. Scriven (1991) states evaluation is the process of determining the merit, worth and value of things and goes on to add, evaluations are the products of that process Control theories are outgrowth of the requirement for businesses to gather information into meaningful statistical data for evaluation. Control also entails administrative, supervisory, production and logistics management (Schoensleben, 2000), and represents the data, processes and systems that evaluation theories as well as processes look at. Together, these two areas form the analytical process which is the key to all intellectual endeavors and the most powerful as well as versatile of tool disciplines such as design, statistics and logic. Brassington et al (2002) discusses the importance of controls and the establishment of them to effectively monitor and manage information as well as oversee results by gathering data for management review and evaluation. Without controls evaluation would be reduced to a study of planning measures to develop a means by which to gauge the effectiveness of varied business functions such as manufacturing, sales, marketing campaigns, etc. These are subject areas broached by Mills (1988) in describing the importance of verifying information gathered for analysis to ensure the proper foundational data is utilized in the process. The evaluation process is not just about raw numbers and data, Scriven (1980) states that Evaluation is what it is and adds that it is the determination of merit or worth, and what it is used for is another matter. Weiss (1972) sees the process in a broader context that encompasses policies, processes, people and any aspect that forms a functioning part of operation s. The core of the preceding references establishes that purpose of evaluations is to measure the results against the goals set at the onset, and to utilize this data in decision processes concerning modification and or improvement, if required. IV. The Importance of Evaluation and Control Methods at McDonalds Founded by Dick and Mac McDonald in 1948 as a restaurant. The McDonalds we know today did not begin its fast food origins until the brothers introduced their Speedee Service System that Ray Kroc utilized to establish the franchise system. This system, represents the control mechanism that McDonalds utilizes to control quality, sales and all aspects of operations that are tied into headquarter operations through regional branches that review and correlate the daily data. While the implications of the preceding are obvious in todays terms, such was not the case when the company established its first franchised outlet in 1953 (McDonalds Corporation, 2005). It is this franchise system that provides McDonalds with the perfect control mechanism for its 20,000 global locations and the information tools via which the company can evaluate each operation (McDonalds Corporation, 2005). The McDonalds franchise system works so well because they say that headquarters actually listens to them. This two-way communication path is a critical tool in retaining management control as well as a means to evaluate performance. The relationship between the individual McDonalds outlets and the corporation are so good that the idea for the Big Mac, Egg McMuffin and Ronald McDonald did not come from the headquarters operation, or even the companys advertising agency, but from a franchised store owner (McDonalds Corporation, 2005). As a result of management listening so closely to its franchisees the companys same store sales actually continue to increase with the opening of more McDonalds, belying the problem of potential saturation and the resultant reduction of revenues. The company has managed to develop such an excellent system of control because each of its outlets are owned by individuals with ties to their community and they are granted the freedom to run their business on a day to day basis within the broad context of McDonalds quality guidelines (McDonalds Corporation, 2005). The companys support and availability to its franchisees represents one of its most successful controls in that the assistance is welcomed, rather than being seen as supervision or meddling. The data collected through web based computer systems aids the company in understanding individual territories as well as individual store performance and assists in the planning of marketing and promotional campaigns as well as understanding competitive tactics and developments as part of the excellent two-way feed-back process that exists between the franchise owners and the company. V. Assessment of the Methods of Evaluation and Control at McDonalds The open two-way communication system that exists on the franchisor to franchisee basis within the McDonalds corporate culture and organizational matrix represents the interpersonal side of the relationship that fosters the flow of ideas as well as suggestions and innovations. On the data side, the restaurants are all equipped with a two-way data link system that permits them to send updates on the daily tally of sales. This information provides McDonalds with information on the consumption percentage of products as well as the success rate of promotions and advertising/marketing programs. The sophistication of this information provides the company with data on adjustments, modifications and other changes that might need to be made to either increase the effectiveness of these programs, as well as the planning, timing and spacing of future programs, advertising and campaigns. The preceding represents the heart of the McDonalds franchise driven success in that the effectiveness of its marketing program has created an atmosphere where the company is ingrained as an iconic part of lifestyles. An audience the company keeps close tabs on through its daily product sales updates. One of the methods that the company employs to evaluate quality throughout its franchise chain is the utilization of mystery shoppers to provide feed-back (Leung, 2001). This program was implemented to keep franchise owners on their toes concerning quality control and policy with respect to customer greetings, the offering of special promotions and order fulfillment along with a host of other things. This particular program has seen the quality scores come in at 81.9%, which is just marginally better than Burger King at 80.1%, Wendys at 80.7% and the 77% recorded for Taco Bell. The McDonalds score was only slightly higher than the 80% that is the mean average for all restaurant establishments nationwide (Leung, 2001). And while the company has not seen any dramatic increase from this particular program, the cumulative effect of all of the in-place as well as yet to be implemented measures represents a commitment to evaluative and control methodologies. Even in the face of mixed resul ts in this instance, the continued emphasis within this area is beneficial as a policy. VI. Recommendations The evaluation and control theories and practices of McDonalds as part of their franchisee relationship, represents a company wide commitment to a two-way communication methodology for that doubles as a feed-back as well as data collection system. As is usually the case with any program(s) there will be periods and or instances that suffer from quality or information slippage as well as a net performance that is less than optimal however, the commitment to such a policy has helped to make the company the leader within its field. The commitment of McDonalds to its open communication system and data collection methods provides the company with the means to monitor, evaluate and review marketing, administrative, policy and other areas which are all dependent upon public opinion. The seamless nature of the companys marketing, data and communication systems is a plus in providing management with information to make adjustments in control mechanisms through the evaluation of various programs and data sets. The culture as well as methodology is in place, and even though there will be instances whereby the individual applications might not yield the anticipated results the commitment to such close ties and pulse beat on its customers represents a company that understands the nature of the business it is engaged in customer satisfaction on all levels of contact. It is possible that the addition of short surveys and interviews might provide further benefits, but all in all McDonalds is actively engaged in maintaining a close relationship with its outlets and customers through active control and assessment methodologies. VII. Bibliography Brassington, Frances, Pettitt, Stephen. 2002. Principles of Marketing. Pp 623 675. Prentice Hall. ISBN: 0273657917 Britannica Online. 2005. The Marketing Process: Marketing Evaluation and Control. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-27222?tocId=27222 Cook, T.D., Shadish, W.R., Leviton, L.C. 1993. Foundations of Program Evaluation. P. 20. Sage Publications. ISBN: 0803953011 Goodell, JJ. 2003. Some Thoughts on Color. http://www.goodellgroup.com/color.html Kolter, Philip. 2003. Marketing Management. Pp 256-345. Prentice Hall. ISBN: 0130336297 Leung, Shirley. 2001. McDonalds Asks Mystery Shoppers What Ails Sales. 17/12/2001. P. B1,3. The Wall Street Journal McDonalds. 2005. The McDonalds History. http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/mcd_history_pg1.html Mills, Charles. 1988. The Quality Audit: A Management Evaluation Tool. McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 007042484 Schoensleben, Paul. 2000. Integral Logistics Management: Planning Control of Comprehensive Business Processes. Pp 162 221. Saint Lucie Press. ISBN: 1574442724 Scriven, M. 1991. Evaluation Thesaurus. P 1 Sage Publications. ISBN: 0803943644 Scriven, M. 1980. The Logic of Evaluation. P. 7. Edgepress Senge, Peter. 1994. The Fifth Discipline. Currency Publications. ISBN: 0385260954 Weiss, Carol. 1972. Evaluation Research: Methods for Assessing Program Effectiveness. Prentice Hall. ISBN: 0132921936

Belief Worlds and Epistemic Possibilities :: Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Belief Worlds and Epistemic Possibilities ABSTRACT: This paper develops an individualistic, belief-based account for a limited class of epistemic possibility statements. Section I establishes the need for such an account by reviewing a recent version of the majority view (the "Relevant Community Account") and contesting two key assumptions. I argue that some epistemic possibilities are belief-based-contra the assumption that all are knowledge-based. Against the assumption that all epistemic possibility statements are analyzable in terms of the speaker's "relevant community," I contend that the truth value of some statements is a function of the speaker's epistemic states alone. Section II develops an alternative account designed to capture those internal, individual statements. Modeling belief sets as "belief worlds," I explain our epistemic processes in terms of an ability to shift attention among our various belief worlds. Ever since G. E. Moore set out to explain the phrase "it's not certain that" and ended up offering a definition of epistemic possibility, ordinary uses of epistemic modal sentences have commanded more attention. A number of more recent accounts-which I'll call the "Moorean accounts"-follow Moore by analyzing all statements having the form "It's possible that p" uniformly. Their analysis is uniform in that they make two assumptions: first that some community is relevant in every case, and second that every statement is analyzable in terms of knowledge. I think that both assumptions are false, so one thing I'll do today is to suggest truth conditions for statements failing of both assumptions-"individual, doxastic possibility statements." I will have time to contest only the first assumption, though, and will therefore help myself to my conclusion regarding the second; I will assume that the locution "It's possible that p" is not restricted to expressions of epistemic, that is, knowledge-based possibility, but may be used to express doxastic or belief-based possibility as well. The first assumption-that some community is relevant to every use of "It's possible that p"-will be my main concern, then. To make the assumption in its stronger form, as Ian Hacking and Paul Teller do, is to treat all uses of "It's possible that p" as statements to be translated as "For all we know, p." But the locution "It's possible that p" is used not only for statements of that sort-for, in my terminology, "community statements"-but also for what I'll call "individual statements"-statements properly translated as "For all I know, p." The assumption that some community is relevant to every use of "It's possible that p" is also made by Keith DeRose, but in a weaker form.

Gender based difference in managerial styles Essays -- essays research

Executive Summary This report looks at several researches that have studied the managerial styles of males and females with an attempt to define perceived differences between them. In addition discussed are the results from studies on the effectiveness of managers between the two genders. The results of these studies have been analyzed through readings of several researches and personal experiences of the students doing this report. Studies say both genders are at least equally effective in the business world and that success is affected by diverse individual factors and has very less to do with gender. Commonly held perceptions of males being more effective managers are not only a loss to the female manager, but a loss to the organization and society as a whole. A note on the report writers The team consists of six members – five males and one female. The gents are in Executive positions with at least four years of full-time work experience and the lady a middle level manager with a total of 10 years in the corporate world out of which five have been in a management position. Although cultural issues are out of the scope of this assignment, the ethnicity of the members is thought to be relevant. All group members are from the Indian sub-continent, except one member who is a Middle Eastern male. All members work experience have been derived in the UAE and most members have been in the country for at least six years. Snap-shots of the brainstorming session Researches Used Extensive researches have been conducted on the topic of gender-based difference in managerial styles. All members prior to commencing of the session have thoroughly read these. An example of one of the researches used has been attached in the appendix and outlined below: Management Research Group (MRG) has conducted a study on gender differences and leadership that claims to have eliminated key shortcomings that other such researches have, such as small number of participants, reliance on self-reports, use of inappropriate subjects, uncontrolled differences etc. This research claims to be the largest controlled study of gender differences in leadership style with data compiled over 15 years. Further details of this research participants and form of research can be found in the research report in the appendix section. Discussion between the team members Almo... ...9-560. Eagly, A. H., & Johnson, B. T., 1990 Gender and leadership style: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, p: 108, 233-256. Kabacoff R, Peters H, 1998 â€Å"The Way Women and Men Lead – Different but Equally Effective.† Management Research Group Research Report: Leadership & Gender. http://www.mrg.com/Publications/articles/The_Way_Women-Men_Lead.pdf [Accessed: November 17, 2004] Eagly et al, â€Å"Transformational, Transactional, and Laissez-Faire Leadership Styles: A Meta-Analysis Comparing Women and Men† Psychological Bulletin http://www.ratcow.com/paf508/lazzifar_leader.html Formichelle, L, 2001, He Does, She Does Management styles may differ, but success isn’t gender-related.http://www.wellsfargo.com/biz/products/resources/advisor/archives/012002He/012002He.jhtml Robbins, S. P. 2004,10th edition, Organisational Behaviour, Prentice Hall, USA. Turner, D. H. â€Å"Gender differences in management style: Evidence from the accounting profession†, The Centre for the study of Women, Science and Technology. http://www.wst.gatech.edu/Gender_Differences_in_Management_Style.ppt [Accessed: November 14, 2004] http://www.kon.org/archives/forum/12-1/prehl.html

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION :: essays research papers

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Efforts to improve the standard of living for humans--through the control of nature and the development of new products--have also resulted in the pollution, or contamination, of the environment. Much of the world's air, water, and land is now partially poisoned by chemical wastes. Some places have become uninhabitable. This pollution exposes people all around the globe to new risks from disease. Many species of plants and animals have become endangered or are now extinct. As a result of these developments, governments have passed laws to limit or reverse the threat of environmental pollution. Ecology and Environmental Deterioration The branch of science that deals with how living things, including humans, are related to their surroundings is called ecology . The Earth supports some 5 million species of plants, animals, and microorganisms. These interact and influence their surroundings, forming a vast network of interrelated environmental systems called ecosystems. The arctic tundra is an ecosystem and so is a Brazilian rain forest. The islands of Hawaii are a relatively isolated ecosystem. If left undisturbed, natural environmental systems tend to achieve balance or stability among the various species of plants and animals. Complex ecosystems are able to compensate for changes caused by weather or intrusions from migrating animals and are therefore usually said to be more stable than simple ecosystems. A field of corn has only one dominant species, the corn plant, and is a very simple ecosystem. It is easily destroyed by drought, insects, disease, or overuse. A forest may remain relatively unchanged by weather that would destroy a nearby field of corn, because the forest is characterized by greater diversity of plants and animals. Its complexity gives it stability. Population Growth and Environmental Abuse The reduction of the Earth's resources has been closely linked to the rise in human population. For many thousands of years people lived in relative harmony with their surroundings. Population sizes were small, and life-supporting tools were simple. Most of the energy needed for work was provided by the worker and animals. Since about 1650, however, the human population has increased dramatically. The problems of overcrowding multiply as an ever-increasing number of people are added to the world's population each year. Air Pollution Factories and transportation depend on huge amounts of fuel--billions of tons of coal and oil are consumed around the world every year. When these fuels burn they introduce smoke and other, less visible, by-products into the atmosphere.

Curley’s Wife “Of Mice and Men”

In Of Mice and Men, character symbolism lets the reader see what life was like in the 1930’s. Many of the characters portray a certain person that could have been living in the 1930’s. This book is about the adventures of two men, George Milton and the mentally disabled Lennie Small.They were migrant workers who had to search for work during the Great Depression. You see the friendship between the two men, and how they care for each other and try to protect each other. Author John Steinbeck does a great job of expressing character symbolism in the story.He shows how back then, the American dream was extremely hard to accomplish because of The Great Depression, and unequal rights towards women and the mentally different. Curley’s wife symbolizes how women were treated in the 1930’s. In the 1930’s women were treated as objects.They had no rights or freedom. It was impossible for women to accomplish the American dream, because woman were property of a man, giving them no independence to be something other than a housewife.My first example on how Curley’s wife was treated as an object is simply in her name, she doesn’t have one. In the story Curley’s wife is addressed as Curley’s wife. You never find out her name. This gave her and all women a persona of worthlessness, that they were just put on the earth to be mistreated housewives and not have anywhere close to the same opportunities as men. Since women didn’t have many opportunities besides prostitution, Curley’s wife didn’t have much of an exciting life. When her husband Curley was not around she would get lonely.In this quote, Curley’s wife expresses her loneliness, â€Å"’I get lonely,' she said ‘you can talk to people, but I can't talk to nobody but Curley, else he gets mad. How'd you like not to talk to nobody? ‘† (Steinbeck 87) Curley’s wife says this quote when all the men went to to wn, including her husband.It shows that she spends all her time alone, in her house as the men work in the fields. She is also not allowed to talk to anyone but her husband who spends all of this time in the fields, so she feels like she is living alone all her life.Many people dreamed for the American dream, especially Curley’s wife. Curley’s wife dreamed of being a highly paid actress. In this quote Curley;s wife is expressing her dream of being an actress,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Coulda been in the movies, an' had nice clothes †¦ An' I coulda sat in them big hotels, an' had pitchers took of me.When they had them previews I coulda went to them, an' spoke in the radio, an' it wouldn'ta cost me a cent because I was in the pitcher. †¦ Because this guys says I was a natural. ’† (Steinbeck 88) Here she is dreaming of a better life than the one she has now.But because of the time period it was very hard for women to accomplish their dreams let alone be allowed to have them. In Of Mice and Men, character symbolism lets the reader see what life was like in the 1930’s. Curley;s wife symbolized the level of equality that women had in the time period that took place in the story.Women were property and objects. Steinbeck does a great job of symbolism of women through Curley’s wife. He shows how back then, the American dream was extremely hard to accomplish because of The Great Depression, and unequal rights towards women and the mentally different.

Buisiness law

What must a plaintiff, in a negligence case, prove and establish in order to recover? What are some of the common defenses available to defendants in negligence suits? Provide an example of a negligence case with one of the common defenses. Negligence is a mode of committing certain torts like negligently or carelessly committing trespass, nuisance or defamation. It can be defined as the conduct which creates a risk of causing damage, rather than a state of mind. In an action for negligence and recover the plaintiff has to prove the following essentials.That the defendant owed duty of care to the plaintiff 2. The defendant made a breach of that duty . Plaintiff suffered damage as a consequence thereof. But it is to be remembered that the burden of proof of negligence always lies on the plaintiff. (Res Ipsa Loquitur) The defendants can plead defenses to reduce or eliminate his liability. Such defenses are contributory negligence, comparative negligence, and assumption of risk. In cont ributory negligence the negligence of the plaintiff is also contributing cause of her injury and is barred from recovering from a negligent defendant.In Harris Vs Toronto Transit Commission (1968) the Supreme Court Canada held that if a boy sitting in a bus projected his arm outside the bus in spite of warning and is injured, he is guilty of contributory negligence. A comparative negligence is a type of partial defense in which there is a reduce in the amount of damages that a plaintiff can recover in a negligence-based claim based upon the degree to which the plaintiff's own negligence contributed to cause the damages.The assumption of risk denotes that the plaintiff himself knew that his activity was dangerous and thus bears all responsibility for any injury that resulted. ************************************************ References 1. Elliott, Catherine and Quinn, Frances Tort Law publ. by Longman; 5 editions ISBN-13: 978-1405807111, 2005 2. Miller, LeRoy, Roger and Jentz, Gaylord Business Law Today: The Essentials, Publisher: South-Western College/West; 8th edition, ISBN-13: 978-0324654547, September 26, 2007,