Management Case Study Essay

The case study below takes place at the Sir Charles Wilberforce Hospital’s cafeteria, which is experiencing problems with the change management. Due to the new management undertaken by Keith Davis, there was a major issue of inadequate communication channels, as Keith told his employees what to do rather than consult them, especially with the decision-making. The best alternative to rectify this problem is for Keith to adapt to a consultative management style, in order for employees to take ownership in their workplace through expressing their opinions and feel more valued, however still allowing Keith to still make the final decision. Another major issue addressed in the Cafeteria was the amount of unmotivated staff. As employees feel unsatisfied with their work, the best solution to this issue is Goal Setting. Through employees setting strategic goals they will increase their motivation through achievement of these goals which will lead them to set more challenging ones. Lastly, the third major issue recognised was Keith’s poor leadership skills which made it difficult for employees to fulfil expectations and find enjoyment in the workplace. The best alternative solution for this problem is to retrain Keith’s leadership abilities so he is able to adopt all the qualities needed to become a better leader in his managing role. Although this may be an expensive method, the new leadership qualities Keith will learn will make a happier work environment for his employees and build a better employer/employee relationship. 3. Problem identification Poor communication channels Keith focuses on top down communication channels, providing a one way communication which is from him to his employees, rather than two-way which provides his employees to communicate ideas with him. This negatively impacts the hospital as the Keith is unable to discuss problems or ask questions amongst employees to see if there are any problems going on amongst the workers and therefore leading to job dissatisfaction employees. Although Keith tried to soothe Julia when the issue between her and Madison was brought to his attention, he did not follow it up or treat it as an importance. Lack of staff motivation Prior to Keith’s managing, Anne’s original foundations of self-satisfaction and close family ties seemed to motivate the employees at Sir Charles Wilberforce hospital. Keith’s changes were made to become more efficient, employees were left struggling to gain satisfaction and motivation in order for themselves to achieve their hierarchy of needs (Maslow, 1954). In this hierarchy of needs Maslow developed, employees have five needs, physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualisation, once they fulfil one of their needs they can graduate to the next one to fulfil it and so on. Without fulfilling the social needs of forming social ties or self-actualisation of gaining enough experience within the kitchen to become a supervisor, it became unknown to the employees of what they are capable of and decreased their enticements to complete tasks and feel satisfied. Insufficient leadership abilities Keith lacks major leadership qualities, as the organisational layout he uses is to tell employees what to do, depriving them of guidance and support. The Hersey Situations leadership model suggests that leadership focuses on follower’s readiness (Hersey, Blanchard & Johnson, 2001). This theory suggests that at Sir Charles Wilberforce, if the employees feel they are unable to complete a task Keith should give those clear and specific instructions. If they are willing and confident Keith needs to provide them display high task orientation, and if employees feel able but are unwilling Keith would need to use a supportive approach. Lack of teamwork The teamwork environment of delegating tasks amongst of employees was not addressed by Keith. He believed that employees needed to finish work on time, plan menus monthly and take on cleaning responsibilities, whereas, the use of team work would have provided a better suited time managed system. Through having each employee assist with cleaning duties, planning menus, helping out another if time was short as well as assisting each other to get all food out and made the kitchen would be less chaotic. This would have assisted with issues if someone was ill, allowing more than one person to prepare greater portions of meals. 4. Statement of Major Problems The three major problems that are brought to the attention at Sir Charles Wilberforce Hospital are: Inadequate communication channels Unmotivated staff Insufficient leadership abilities The poor communication channel Keith utilises is top-down communication from Keith to his employees. As this is a workplace that depends on seeking ideas from others and support from each other, two way communications between Keith and his employees is necessary. This will allow employees to feel part of the decision making and feel they can share their ideas to improve the workplace. Following this Keith must then improve his leadership skills, putting his employees first and assisting them with any help and support they need in order to achieve a positive workplace. This may involve Keith revising the organisation’s culture, or distinguishing the strength and weakness of each employee so he knows how to assist each of them. Once Keith’s leadership abilities are improved, staff motivation must be identified and given, in order for employees to become productive within the kitchen and gain job satisfaction, increasing their abilities and allowing them to feel the want to work. 5. Generation and Evaluation of Alternative Solutions Inadequate communication channels Regular work meetings Set regular meetings within the kitchen, in order to concerns amongst employees to be discussed as we as evaluation on how the business is going and openly discuss ways to improve or maintain it. Advantages Allows for feedback Employees can listen to each person’s idea and encourages discussion openly Evaluate the earnings to the previous week and that time the previous year, allowing each person to suggest ways to improve or maintain their profit margins. Disadvantages Some employees may not attend May be time consuming to discuss all ideas Consultative management style Implement a Consultative management style in order to increase two-way and open communication between Keith and the employees. Advantages Allows employees to feel ownership in decision making Allows employees to share their ideas and opinions Gives confidence to employees Disadvantages Employees may feel held back to express their opinions because they do not feel comfortable Employees may feel offended if their ideas are not taken into consideration Time consuming Unmotivated staff Goal setting Implement setting goals, which involve employees setting goals that motivate them to improve their capabilities. Advantages Gives self-satisfaction Increases productivity and performance levels Disadvantages Time consuming to distinguish appropriate and achievable goals Goals ay appear as unattainable and lead to employees to give up Job design Mr Dev can alter the job design to assist in identifying and correcting any deficiencies that affect performance and motivation. Advantages Job enlargement, can be used to increase motivation by giving employee’s more and varied tasks so the employee is motivation to try new tasks Job rotation allows an employee to work in different departments or jobs in an organization to gain better insight into operations motivating the employee to increase his/her skills and knowledge about other jobs. Disadvantages Job enrichment may lead the employee transferred too much responsibility in the kitchen and independence in the planning and control aspects of the job which may suppress motivation levels Reward and Recognition Evaluating each employee to identify which people are performing to their maximum, and rewarding them financially or non-financially for their hard work, therefore motivating other employees to improve their work standards. Advantages Employees will increase performance to obtain more rewards Will produce higher standards amongst the employees Self- enrichment Disadvantages Expensive to keep purchasing rewards and reassess each employee to recognise After a while employees may feel that rewards may not motivate them anymore Keith may not want to undertake the idea of rewarding and recognising employees Insufficient leadership abilities Retrain Keith Retraining programs for Keith within the company or externally will allow Keith to develop better leadership qualities and create a happier workplace. Advantages Positively effects employees to feel trust and support from Keith Keith can evaluate themselves as to what skills are expected to lead the employees Disadvantages May take a while for Keith to learn and adapt to these skills May be expensive Dismiss Keith Dismissing Keith will demolish the issue of poor leadership abilities and will allow the business to replace him with a more experienced manager. Advantages Re-appoint a new manager who possess all correct leadership skills Employees are in a happier environment where they can get the support they need More time appropriate and efficient than retraining Disadvantages May be hard to find a replacement Employees may find it hard to adapt to a new manager and may be resistant to give them a chance due to their bad experience with Keith 6. Recommendation Consultative management style A Consultative management style is the recommended alternative for Keith to address to his employees. The type of management style used by Keith at this point is autocratic, which involves him making decisions for the hospital kitchen unilaterally. Although regular meetings are a good alternative by providing mediation and assistant towards employees, the consultative management style involves a permanent change to the organisation. The consultative style would involve Keith discussing ideas of possible changes to be made within the kitchen, as well as employees being able to give their opinions and ideas. By implementing a consultative management style, employees at the cafeteria will be able to perform to their optimum level, concentrating on increasing common sense approach for Keith to meet the needs and wants of the employees, as well as making employees realise their own abilities and capabilities in performing tasks, (McClelland, 1987). Similarly to regular meetings, the consultative approach gives open communication, however unlike meetings the consultative approach is more permanent in the workplace and is used daily, for example in decision making, gaining assistance with a task or getting support with a concern. This will benefit the kitchen, as the employees will respond more positively to any changes to feel more a part of the workplace and a sense of belonging. Keith will benefit from this style, as he will be given a broader range of ideas as well as maintain his authority to make the final decision. Goal Setting Setting goals is the preferred alternative for Keith to use within the kitchen. Despite the fact being rewarded motivates someone to maintain if not improve performance to be rewarded again, goal setting gives motivation. Goal setting enables employees to measure their processes and work performance. This enables employees to gain feedback on their results, unlike rewards and recognition which just motivates employees to try harder to gain another reward rather than possessing the want to gain the self-satisfaction that they have improved. Edward Locke’s theory of goal setting outlines that in setting specific and challenging goals it enables process and outcome improvement (Locke ; Latham, 1990). Similarly, job design suggests a different form of motivating to increase their skills of different tasks, however it also does hold the ability to measure the improvement that setting goals do. If goal setting is adapted by Keith, his employees would be able to achieve towards a higher performance, as well as motivating them to set higher goals with increasingly difficult tasks, once they have been achieved. Through Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, this can assist in setting goals with Locke and Latham’s theory. Maslow theory suggests that ‘although no need is every fully satisfied, a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates an individual to satisfy that need’ (Robbins, Bergmann, Stagg and Coulter, 2012, p559). This suggests that in identifying each need, physiological safety social esteem and self-actualisation, employees at sir Charles Wilberforce can pinpoint what tasks they need to complete in order to graduate to the next level. For example one of the employees may find that they feel they don’t belong, in order to achieve this level they can set a goal to form relations with other employees on a professional basis. Once this goal is achieved they can move on to develop their esteem needs. Retraining Keith Although, retraining Keith may be considered a time consuming process, compared to the alternative of dismissing Keith, it appears to be a more logical approach. Through retraining, Keith is able to gain leadership skills that he may not be aware are essential skills he needs in order to be a manager. This will transform him from telling his employees what to do, to instead assisting and guiding them through changes. Despite the expenses of this method, it may also be difficult for Keith to cooperate as well as understand the concept of these skills however unlike dismissing, he will be able to improve and allow for a happier work. The trait theory suggests that it is impossible to identify and isolate characteristics from leaders from non-leaders. However there are seven traits associated with leadership, these being ‘drive, the desire to lead, honesty and integrity, self-confidence, intelligence, job-relevant knowledge and extraversion’, (Robbins, 2012, p605). Eventually with the retraining, Keith may possess these seven leadership abilities to involve his employees in decision making process and form a trust bond.

Vibration Measurement Instruments

VIBRATION MEASUREMENT In some practical situations, it might be difficult to develop a mathematical model of the system and predict its vibration characteristics through an analytical study. In such cases, we can use experimental methods to measure the vibration response of the system to a known input. This helps in identifying the system in terms of its mass, stiffness, and damping. In practice the measurement of vibration becomes necessary for the following reasons: 1.The increasing demands of higher productivity lead to higher operating speeds of machinery and efficient use of materials through lightweight structures. These trends make the occurrence of resonant conditions more frequent during the operation of machinery and reduce the reliability of the system. Hence the periodic measurement of vibration of machinery and structures becomes essential to ensure adequate safety margins. Any observed shift in the natural frequencies or other vibration characteristics will indicate eit her a failure or a need for maintenance of the machine. 2.The measurement of the natural frequencies of a structure or machine is useful in selecting the operational speeds of nearby machinery to avoid resonant conditions. 3. The theoretically vibration characteristics of a machine or structure may be different from the actual values due to the assumptions made in the analysis. 4. The measurement of frequencies of vibration and the forces developed is necessary in the design and operation of active vibration-isolation systems. 5. In many applications, the survivability of a structure or machine in a specified vibration environment is to be determined.If the structure or machine can perform the expected task even after completion of testing under the specified vibration environment, it is expected to survive the specified conditions. 6. Continuous systems are often approximated as multi-degree-of-freedom systems for simplicity. If the measured natural frequencies and mode shapes of a continuous system are comparable to the computed natural frequencies and mode shapes of the multi-degree of- freedom model, then the approximation will be proved to be a valid one. . The measurement of input and the resulting output vibration of a system help in identifying the system in terms of its mass, stiffness, and damping. 8. The information about ground vibrations due to earthquakes, fluctuating wind velocities on structures, random variation of ocean waves, and road surface roughness are important in the design of structures, machines, oil platforms, and vehicle suspension systems.In general, a transducer is a device that transforms changes in mechanical quantities (such as displacement, velocity, acceleration, or force) into changes in electrical quantities (such as voltage or current). Since the output signal (voltage or current) of a transducer is too small to be recorded directly, a signal conversion instrument is used to amplify the signal to the required value.The ou tput from the signal conversion instrument can be presented on a display unit for visual inspection, or recorded by a recording unit, or stored in a computer for later use. The data can then be analyzed to determine the desired vibration characteristics of the machine or structure. Depending on the quantity measured, a vibration measuring instrument is called a vibrometer, a velocity meter, an accelerometer, a phase meter, or a frequency meter. Reference link: http://classof1. com/homework-help/engineering-homework-help

I’m the King of the Castle Essay

(i) With close reference to the passage, give evidence to show how Hooper knew that locking Kingshaw in the Red Room would scare him. From the beginning of this chapter three, we have already been exposed to the fears of the despondent young boy – Kingshaw. In this passage, Hooper welcomed the supposed to be honoured Kingshaw into the Red Room. When the door was opened wide for Kingshaw, he stepped a little into the room and then he stopped. While Hooper was standing â€Å"beside the doors, the keys in his hand†. With a tuck from Hooper’s challenge to go on into the room and look around, â€Å"Kingshaw stiffened and moved slowly towards the first of the glass cases† and then â€Å"drew in his breath sharply†. Hooper was watching him intently waiting for the next chance to attack his prey. Kingshaw also gave his fear away when he stuttered upon asking, â€Å"who†¦where did they come from?† while trying to act interested about the dead moths in that dark and dreary room. The despot’s wit took him nearer to his opportunity. He offered the small key to â€Å"open one of the cases† so that Kingshaw could touch them but Kingshaw was very overwhelmed by his fear that he replied Hooper with a straight â€Å"No.† four times. That only led himself deeper into the tyrant’s trap. Not only did Kingshaw’s answers betrayed himself, he also started â€Å"moving backwards† and â€Å"only wanted to get out of the room†. This incident in the room only brought Hooper to confirm his suspicion of Kingshaw having a fear for dead things. Hooper was first given an impression with his first attempt of scaring Kingshaw upon his first meeting with him. The young tyrant lied to the vulnerable Kingshaw about his grandfather dying in the room and on the bed that Kingshaw was about to use. At that time, the young boy was oblivious towards Hooper’s tormenting words. Yet, his reaction said a lot about his inner being. Kingshaw upon knowing of the past of his new bedroom only â€Å"went to the suitcase and squatted down†. It was very obvious to Hooper that he was trying to act as if the fact that someone died in his room did not scare him at all. At ten years old, any young boy would have protested for another room and demand a confirmation from an adult but Kingshaw just kept mum. Hooper put Kingshaw to another test of a dead creature again after watching the boy being attacked by the life crow. He confronted Kingshaw about his fear – â€Å"You were scared. You were running away.† The helpless Kingshaw then got reminded of his encounter with the scarlet red mouth of the carrion crow and was very agitated when he asked Hooper to â€Å"Shut up, shut up†. Kingshaw obviously didn’t want to recall that terrifying incident again. However, the scheming Hooper placed a stuffed crow on Kingshaw’s bed at night. As Kingshaw was already very afraid of his room, as he believed Hooper’s lie that his grandfather died in his bed, Hooper wanted to use the stuffed crow to make the terror of the attack of that crow return. Also, considering Hooper’s devious mind, I believe he also placed the stuffed crow on Kingshaw’s bed in the night also to create an impression on him that it could be Hooper’s dead grandfather. When Kingshaw saw the stuffed crow on his bed the next morning, he knew for sure that Hooper was behind it. He also developed a fear towards Hooper from this as he realized that that tyrant was capable of anything to scare him even more. Yet, Kingshaw was so afraid to put himself to shame if he ever did cry out for help as he remembered his father was laughing at him about his childhood fear of drowning. Kingshaw also knew that Hooper was waiting for him to scream and yell thus he decided to consume his fear so that he could get the overhand over this psychological battle against Hooper. Hence, we can see very clearly that Hooper did very careful planning and made specific interpretations about Kingshaw’s fear of dead things and yearns for the stronghold against Kingshaw and his emotions. Thus upon confirming Kingshaw’s fear, Hooper moves on to locking him in the Red Room with the dead moths and other stuffed animals with very dark surroundings enhanced by the rain and grey skies outside that creates a threatening mood in Kingshaw. (ii) Describe one other incident where Hooper preys on Kingshaw’s fears and discuss the effect of that incident on Kingshaw. Write with reference till where we stopped – Chapter 6. One other incident apart from that of locking Kingshaw in the Red Room on that rainy night, I believe very strongly that the stuffed crow created a very deep threat in Kingshaw’s life in Warings and he was bent on running away from his greatest fear right now – Edmund Hooper. Kingshaw was exceptionally traumatized from his attack of the living crow. It was like Hooper – aggressive, territorial and left no space for him to escape. The crow caused him â€Å"to scream in a queer, gasping sort of way† which shows us how terrified of the crow Kingshaw was. The crow seemed to have a craving to hurt him and Kingshaw was left totally helpless and almost unable to make a sound because of his terror and shock. The vicious attack of that crow showed how trapped and isolated Kingshaw was in Warings. Hence when Hooper exploits Kingshaw’s fear of the crow and dead things, Kingshaw started to have a fear for Hooper grow in him. Especially when he realizes that Hooper used the stuffed crow to terrorise him and also to hint to him about himself being kept under close observation and can be defeated anytime by a click of Hooper’s fingers. Although the living crow attacked Kingshaw physically, he knew very clearly that the stuffed crow was to attack him psychologically and that Hooper has had seen through his brave front. Kingshaw tried very hard to battle the fear inside him so that Hooper would not win him. However, after being locked inside the Red Room with all the dead animals, Kingshaw yearns for somewhere he can hide away from Hooper’s supervision. He hates Hooper now. Kingshaw did find a room of his own, his personal space in Warings somewhere that Hooper does not hold control of. It was a small room that â€Å"seemed never to have had any particular function of its own†. Although the room was small, Kingshaw was not afraid of it. The author was trying to tell us that the claustrophia was towards being locked up and not of minimal spaces. Kingshaw was actually fine with the idea about locking himself in that room full of antique dolls as a way of â€Å"defending himself† against Hooper. He only panics when somebody else locks him in a room, against his own will. His secret room was a very little room compared to Hooper’s confident Red Room. This tells a lot of Kingshaw’s insecurity and his sensitive and gentle character as the room was filled with a collection of female dolls. However, Kingshaw’s temporary sanctuary was not occupied for long, Hooper found his hiding place. His freedom was short-lived.

Learning Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Learning Theories - Essay Example Activities in the lesson plan are already aligned with principles of Cognitivism. Cognitivism is concerned about making students fully understand the concepts (Casas, 2011). Contrary to Behaviorism, which relies on memorization for mastery of the subject (Arizona State University), Cognitivism relies on higher thinking skills such as analysis, synthesis and evaluation. Therefore, to incorporate principles of Cognitivism in the current lesson, one should focus on making students use higher thinking skills in mastering the concepts that will be taught. The first means of instruction is to use visual and verbal content at the same time. It entails the use of visual aids in the explanation of the story to better facilitate expedient learning on the students. The use of pictures is important because it appeals to the visual sense of the students. It is not enough to just mention Mississippi to engage students. Pictures will aid in making them imagine what they can find in the setting of the story. Also, instead of making students read the story right away, it will help students to understand the story more if the teacher presents vocabulary words used in the story. The short story makes use of the setting to highlight the theme. Therefore, for the main task, students are assigned to construct the timeline of the story. In making the timeline, they are expected to base their work on the events of the story. Making the timeline will challenge their analytical skills as they cut out Grandma Phoenix’s trail. Likewise, the visuals they will make will help to strengthen their knowledge of the plot, hence lead them to a deeper understanding of the story.

Home automation lightning systems for a handicapped house Essay

Home automation lightning systems for a handicapped house - Essay Example Most importantly, smart homes offer the handicapped the opportunity to enjoy their independence, which boosts their determination and confidence. Automated homes offer the handicapped a variety of types of emergency services including automated timers, alerts, lighting systems, security features and fall prevention. House automation ensures that the disabled can feel secure while in their houses and also control their home’s lighting system from anywhere with the help of an internet connection. A home automation lighting system is a centralized control of lighting system, which provides comfort and convenience and hence increasing the quality of life for the handicapped persons. Recently, home automation lighting has gained popularity due to higher affordability and simplicity of tablet and smart phone connectivity. Also, the increased use of the internet to perform a variety of automation tasks has popularized home automation lighting system. A home automation lighting system incorporates electrical gadgets in a house with each other. Devices can be linked to an internet connected computer or phone network to make it possible for a user to remotely control the system through the internet. Through linking of the home environment with information technology, appliances and systems are capable of articulate in an integrated model, which results in energy efficiency, convenience as well as safety benefits.2 In modern constructions in most homes from the industrialized nations, wiring for electrical purposes is common, which is done by developing of specialized appliances with the aim of automating majority of the household tasks. A case in point is whereby an automatic lighting system was developed to increase the efficiency of lighting appliances in a house. As the number of controllable appliances in the homes increase, communication and integration become an advantageous and valuable feature. In an automated lighting system, a heating system can, for exa mple, send an alert message when lighting is required. This means that the room for the handicapped will become â€Å"intelligent† and signals will be conveyed to the controller when lighting for a particular purpose is needed. If the handicapped person is not at home and the lighting systems requires to be put on or off, the system can be controlled online from a remote location.3 In a more advanced installations, the room can detect the presence of a certain person in the house and send signals to the lighting system, as appropriate, while at the same time taking into account factors such as the time of the day, the day of the week and so on. An ideal example of a case where the remote controller can come in handy is whereby the home automation is triggered whenever a smoke sensor discovers a smoke or fire, hence alerting the occupants of the house of possible emergencies. If the house is outfitted with home theater, an automation system can power cut all video and audio as pects to shun commotion, or produce a loud pronouncement. Yet still, the system could alert the home occupants through email supported by their smart phones or send make a distress call to the fire department. An

Cross-cultural Issues in International Management Essay

Cross-cultural Issues in International Management - Essay Example Other cultural factors do not seem to pose in major challenges. Leadership styles are quite similar as is apparent from the GLOBE study. English is commonly used there and hence communication will not be a major issue. With regard to style, Malaysians tend to be more indirect and hence our managers need to be patient while dealing with their Malaysian counterparts. The global economic slump and the US downturn will have some effect on the JV. But this need not cause any delays or postponements in the whole process. On the whole, if the steps recommended in this report are implemented, the joint venture will have a smooth cultural integration and all possible problems can be minimized. Employee management is a crucial function of management which calls for extensive knowledge and expertise in the field of management and behavioral sciences like psychology, sociology etc. The knowledge in these areas was sufficient enough to manage a firm which operates within the boundaries of a country. But, as the corporate world has gone international with globalization and liberalization policies enunciated in almost all countries, the role of human resource manager became so complicated than ever before. In the present global market, managers of multi national firms/joint ventures can no longer effectively manage their employees with their knowledge in the culture of their home country alone. Rather, they must possess multi-cultural knowledge which equips themselves with the techniques to manage employees who hail from different countries. The necessity of possessing these techniques is seriously felt in the present scenario simply because going global is the order of the day . The present report is meant to inform and make alert all concerned to face the challenges in the management of multi-nationals/joint ventures. The broad objectives for which the present report is prepared are: 1. To identify and analyze the cultural differences between United States of America and Malaysia. 2. To study the impact of cultural differences on the management, because of :- a. The differences in Leadership style b. Communication style and language c. Organization Structure 3. To analyze the impact of cultural differences on the employee performance 4. To study the issues and challenges before the management in managing the employees from both the countries. The present paper is purely qualitative and analytical in nature. The paper relies solely on secondary sources for data collection. Data sources such as Books and periodicals, electronic sources are extensively used. The data gathered are used for writing the report from an analytical perspective, but no analytical tool is used. The report is prepared in such a way that every one in the organization associated with the problem is able to comprehend the real issues and challenges of cross-cultural management. Literature Review: Cultural Differences between United States of America and Malaysia: Culture is a country specific term. Every country has a unique and distinct culture of its own which has a bearing on the life and life style of the people in that country. The culture and history are closely related in the sense that culture is formed and developed over years from the history of a country. The

5 friends ad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

5 friends ad - Essay Example This article analyses how the producers of this advert use the ethos, logos, and pathos appeals in marketing their product. In addition, the article analyses the use of appeals such as the need for guidance, the need aesthetic sensations, and the need to feel safe in appealing to the emotions of the voters on the need to vote for their political leaders. Advertisers use ethos, which is the appeal to authority to convince the audience to use their product or service. Essentially, what appeal to authority does is that it relies on the credibility of the person presenting the message in the advert. Therefore, when advertisers make use of ethos in an advert, they are sure to incorporate influential personalities who are bound to convince the audience. The 5 friends advert is a star-studded affair which includes almost all American celebrities urging people to vote (5 Friends, 2014). According to Fowles, approximately 15% of every advertisement makes use of celebrities, particularly from the fields of entertainment or sports (87). The 5 friends advert features A-list celebrities such as Leonardo Di Caprio, Jamie Fox, Sarah Silverman, and Jonah Hill, among many others (5 Friends, 2014). Considering that the primary target for audience for his advert is the young generation, the presence of all these celebrities is a guarantee that many youths are bound to watch it. According to Fowles, producers are usually use celebrities in commercials in order to appeal to the need for aesthetic sensations which keep the audience interested in the advert (85). Accordingly, although the celebrities in the 5 friends advert are not experts in terms of politics, they influence most decisions made by young people. Since most young people look to these celebrities as heroes and role models, a product being advertised by them would most definitely sell. The use of

Civil Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Civil Rights - Essay Example The law was not an enough catalysts to bring about change. Blacks became convinced that only nonviolent resistance was the best tool for change. Nonviolent resistance attracted the attention of the nation and won the black movement support from Northern States and key statesmen. Strong civil right activism, through the use of non-violent resistance finally made United States to take action to guarantee equality before the law for all citizens. The framers of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendment had one key objective: to make Black Americans equal citizens before the law. However, segregationist legislation (dubbed the Jim Crow laws) began sprouting from all states especially in the South following the Supreme Court separate but equal rule in Plessy v Ferguson. The Jim Crow laws negated the letter and spirit of the framers of the Amendments. They promoted inequality between blacks and whites in United States. According to lecture notes, Black people had to drink in sepa rate water fountain, and eat in separate restaurant. On the bus, if white people didn’t have enough seats, black people had to get out of the bus in order to give them seats (Lecture notes, 18 November 2013). Civil right activism developed in several phases, beginning with small isolated cases of protests such as by Rosa Parks who refused to give seat in a bus to a white person, but leading to the emergence of more militant movements, people and organization. Civil rights activism did not have much success stories until there emerged strong and coordinated Organizations. As Patterson explains, â€Å"though direct-action protest on behalf of civil rights for American Negroes (as African Americans were called in 1964) had a long history, it increased dramatically in the early 1960s. Militant young people in organizations such as the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) spearheaded protests, mainly in the racially segregate d South† (Patterson, Everything you know about the 1960s is wrong). The Montgomery bus boycott saw the beginning of a new phase of protests. It elevated the stature of some black leaders such as Martin Luther King jnr. It marked the beginning of nonviolent resistance to inequality in the American society and the discrimination of the blacks. Dr King, a charismatic religious leader employed religion to support nonviolent resistance. He justified protest using religion and natural law. According to Carman, Dr King argued that â€Å"Non-violent resistance is based on the belief that the universe is just. There is God or a creative force that is moving us toward universal love and wholeness continually† (Carman, Martin Luther King’s philosophy of non-violent resistance). Off course, Dr King faced a lot criticism from his fellow clergy who questioned his religious morality for calling protests, sometimes against the law. He brushed aside his critics. While addressing his followers, he stated that â€Å"we believe in the Christian religion. We believe in the teachings of Jesus. (Well) The only weapon that we have in our hands this evening is the weapon of protest (Address, Martin Luther King). The opponents of nonviolent protests were not only whites. Other black movements, such as the Black Panther Party advocated for the use of all means to achieve equality for the black man,

Effective team and performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Effective team and performance - Essay Example Nondi’s payroll system also ensures that workers pay is commensurate to their tasks. Maslow’s theory is applied in this scenario given that the restaurant aims at satisfying the basic needs of its employees before satisfying their secondary wants of self-actualization. According to the Clark, scientific theory of management, theory x, stipulates that the workforce needs to be controlled and supervised in order to dispense their duties as required by the organization. This leadership criterion is achieved through the application of division of labor. This ensures that each worker is given apportion for tasks to perform. This leads to increased productivity and performance. Moreover, these results in the motivation of employees. The division of labor in Nando’s is manifest in the manner in which the workers serve the clientele. Some staffs just welcome clients while others serve the customers. The rest of the employees, monitor the preparation of the flame grilled chicken.

Litterature review on Vitamin D levels in infants in Afghanistan Dissertation

Litterature review on Vitamin D levels in infants in Afghanistan - Dissertation Example Vitamin D deficiency is widespread with more than one billion people having insufficient circulatory levelsiv. Vitamin D is essential for maintaining adequate extracellular calcium and phosphate ion concentrations to enable normal mineralization of bone and prevent hypocalcemic tetany. It influences calcium levels throug promotion of its absorption in the intestine, through direct effects on bones and also through its effects on parathyroid hormone. It is also needed for bone remodeling and bone growth by osteoclasts and osteoblasts vvi. If levels are low, hypovitamin D presents as a subclinical condition with latent manifestations of disease, bones can become thin, brittle, or misshapen. This often presents as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adultsvii. A high prevalence of childhood vitamin D deficiency exists in several developing countries (in such temperate regions similar in climate to Afghanistan) with abundant sunlight: Turkeyviii, Iranix, Saudi Arabiax, Indiaxi, China xii, Mongoliaxiii, Algeriaxiv and Nigeriaxv. The main source of vitamin D is obtained through Ultraviolet radiation on 7-dehydocholesterol in the skin. Small amounts can also be absorbed from dietary sources. It has been suggested that cultural practices, dark skin color, hot climates, lower calcium content in diets and lack of Vitamin D fortification in foods help explain the low vitamin D levelsxvi. In Afghanistan, exposure of women to sunlight is limited due to widespread use of Burqas. In children the extent to which they are covered and their exposure to sunshine and whether this correlates to vitamin D levels has not been investigated. In our project, we propose to analyze the data obtained from a randomized control trial on an infant population in Kabul, Afghanistan. We will attempt to quantify the amount of sun exposure, analyze it in relation to various socioeconomic factors and try to establish – in children who live in these climates - whether there is an associati on with Vitamin D deficiency. The current adult recommendation for Vitamin D is 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between 200 and 600 IU/d, but this level is currently controversial considering that a fifteen-minute whole-body exposure to summer sun will lead to 20,000 IU vitamin D-3 released into the body[1]. Optimal serum concentrations are variable based on study results, but one generally agreed-upon figured is approximately 75 nmol/l, although this varies according to individual characteristics [2]. Anther study suggests that an optimal level for adults is 25(OH)D ? 80 nmol or 32 Â µg/L, based on biomarkers that react to levels of vitamin D in the body[1]. Other studies agree with the figure of 75-80 nmol/L being required for optimal bone health, although this research was done in older white adults living in Europe and the United States and may therefore differ from levels in other racial and age groups [3]. Such results may not be applicable to the determination of healthy levels i n children or in those of other racial groups such as the people in Afghanistan. These results may also be affected by the variation in diet between these cultures, as the United States and Europe encourage higher levels of calcium in the diet. There are also suggestions that the types of vitamin D that are obtained through oral ingestion are not metabolically identical to those obtained through cutaneous synthesis, which requires sun exposure [2]. There is a lack of current studies relating vitamin D levels to health in any group

Complete the Critical Response Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Complete the Critical Response Paper - Assignment Example The rule of the majority is indeed the very premise of democracy and this is the reason why it is successful. The different kinds of democracy are representative and direct. Direct democracy deals with a political system where citizens can have their say through voting in public affairs while the indirect form of democracy is that form of the democratic government which sees that the people elect their representatives to rule for their own interests and hence participate in elections to select a government of their own (Sen 1999). One should believe that the democracy that exists within America is more representative than being direct as they hold fast on to the adage of democracy more than any other alternative. The element of consensus exists within democracy which is known as consensus democracy. Direct democracy is actually referendum while representative democracy is through elected representatives. References Sen, A (1999). "Democracy as a Universal Value". Journal of Democracy , 10 (3): 3–17

Fast Food America Essay Example for Free

Fast Food America Essay Fast food has become a major phenomenon here in America. According to Eric Schlosser, he writes in the New York Times, on average $301,369,863 is spent a day on fast food. As Schlosser shows, American people are abusing fast food. In accordance with fast food binging, obesity has become a widespread epidemic. According to Joseph Mercola M. D. , on a personal website states obesity is, A chronic condition that develops as a result of an interaction between a persons genetic makeup and their environment. Here Dr. Mercola expresses how obesity is directly related to an individuals environment. Today it is not uncommon to find major fast food chains with in a short distance from residential areas. With so many choices for fast food, Americans turn to the fast food as an alternative to the healthy home cooked meal. The reason for so many Americans eating out is simply because they are in a hurry or unable to cook and just want something fast and easy. A majority of these people get into the habit of constantly eating at these fast food chains. According to Morgan Spurlock, in his documentary Super Size Me, he quotes Elliot Bloom, a young marketing wiz for Taco Bell, The fast food chains were sustained by a large group of diners who ate out more than twenty times a month. A big chunk of this group, about 30% of customers, were considered to be heavy users and accountable for bringing in a whopping 70% of total revenue. These numbers show how important fast food has become to Americans daily eating habits, and further demonstrates the connection between fast food eating and the increases in obesity. Accordingly, excessive amounts of fast food can be very damaging to ones body, and there is proof to back up this claim. Director Morgan Spurlock, set out to document a strictly fast food diet, I am trying to prove, fast food makes someone fat. Spurlock closely documented his thirty-day McDonalds binge, eating only foods and beverages served at the one of the many Golden Arches. Over the thirty-days, he underwent some amazing conditions that even the doctors and health care professionals could not have predicted. Besides the usual changes which included skyrocketing cholesterol and a major increase in body fat, his liver was showing signs similar to that of a smoker. Though the symptoms that Spurlock experienced were on a very drastic scale, this is what is slowly damaging many Americans who are unable to control their fast food cravings. Research has shown the severity of obesity since the late 1980s, and the studies show the common health problems related with obesity are Type 2 Diabetes, High Blood Pressure, and Osteoarthritis. However, little is known publicly about the dangers of obesity, and the future repercussions if obesity. According to Nanci Hellmich, writing in the USA Today, she states that, Overall, employers and privately insured families spent approximately $36. 5 billion on obesity-linked illnesses in 2002, up from an inflation-adjusted $3. 6 billion in 1987. Hellmichs statistics show a tenfold increase in obesity spending over a span of fifteen years. If obesity continues to increase at this rate, in the future obesity may become the deadliest disease in America. Hellmich goes on to say, On average, treating an obese person cost $1,244 more in 2002 than treating a healthy-weight person did. In 1987, the gap was $272. As Hellmich shows in her quote, there exist a connection between obesity and increasing health care cost. Since the majority of Americans pay for health care, the epidemic spreads beyond those affected directly, and raises prices for the healthy Americans too. Hellmich shows there is a cause for concern, simply because obesity has predominately increased over the past two decades. The problem starts with the media which influences Americans eating habits on a daily basis. Today Americans have numerous choices in fast food as compared to five to ten years ago. As well as more commercials there exists the convenience of eating fast food. Within minutes, fast food is ready to serve at most fast food restaurants, and for relatively cheap. Besides the fact food preparation is fast, every year thousands of commercials can be seen on TV. According to Spurlock, on average a single person watches about 10,000 different commercials per year, most of them being junk or fast food products. These influential commercials broadcast smart slogans and offer cheap food to attract customers. In a recent survey, at the Brea Mall Food Court, when asked if they ate on a daily basis, 28 % of males said yes, while 25% of women said they too ate out daily. A surprising portion of people, 30% said they enjoyed the taste and quality, while majority about 46% said there was no time to cook at home because of work or hectic schedules. With so many great food specials and a plethora of commercials, its no wonder Americans turn to fast food for meals. Fast food is practical, quick, and reasonably cheap, though unhealthy many seem to no care. The first signs of concern came in 2003 when legislation was passed by Congress to help to slow obesity among children. The new law banned all junk foods from public schools and enforced new cafeteria food requirements. Robert Colin Carter a medical researcher from the John Hopkins School of Medicine showed that the meals served prior to changes by school cafeterias exceeded the newly established limits for total and saturated fats, set by the National School Lunch Program and National School Breakfast Program. Here Carter shows the importance for the legislation, as well as exposing children to healthier foods. In a recent interview, with Sonya Dravenstatt, a School Nutrionist, she stated, The new menu now consists of vegetables, low calorie pizzas, and salads. The unhealthy items such as Tatter-tots and French Fries have been substituted with corn, green beans, and fruit cocktail. As Mrs. Dravenstatt mentioned, the meals are better for the students and follow the limits recently established by NSLP and NSBP. As well as healthier foods in cafeterias, there has been a fairly recent ban of unhealthy foods and drinks in public school vending machines. The soda selection has been exchanged with Dasani water, Minute Maid Juices, and various PowerAde flavors. As for food, all candy and snacks high in fat and sugar have been replaced with healthy low fat alternatives. As well as the changes Spurlock noted in his documentary, there has also been recent public out cry for fast food restaurants to create healthier portions. In 2004 McDonalds forever banished their Super Sized soft drinks and fries, and in 2005 Arbys abolished their Giant Size offerings. While removing these bigger portions from the menu, food chains like McDonalds now offer healthier portions and substitutions. For example french fries can be replaced with a side of apple slices or mini salad and instead of soda a variety of juices are offered (Spurlock). These healthier changes need to be continued due to the fact fast food is a major contributor to obesity. However, the change must begin with the consumers. The numbers show that people are dining out too often and it is affecting their physical health. Since a majority of Americans are either unaware or uninformed on how to prevent obesity, the solution should be enforced by the Government. By issuing a plan of action for fast food companies, a majority of unhealthy food can be exchanged with healthier portions. If the Government passed legislation subjecting fast food chains to restrictions on what consumers can purchase, maybe then fast food consumption could help the obesity epidemic. Fast food companies need to abide by nutrition laws, in the same way schools do, to protect naive consumers. The creation of a program could strictly regulate the unhealthy content commonly found in fast food. A program with capabilities to regulate big corps such as McDonalds, Taco Bell, and Kentucky Fried Chicken would be a major success in terms of stopping the widespread disease. Americans need to wake up and face the facts. Consumers must take the initiative to learn the facts on healthy dieting. The problem needs to be dealt with now, and not in the future. Obesity is affecting millions of Americans each year and is a major threat to American childrens future health. If parents and children are not held accountable now, obesity will continue to shorten lives and cost billions of dollars in health care. Hellmich, Nanci. Health Spending Soars for Obesity. USA Today on the Web 26 June. 2005. 18 Oct. 2005 http://www. usatoday. com/news/health/2005-06-26-health-spending-obesity_x. htm Mercola, Dr. Joseph. Home page. 2005. 18 Oct. 2005. Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation, The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. New York Times on the Web 2000. 18 Oct. 2005.

Application of dc series motor

Application of dc series motor INTRODUCTION: Ø The essential features of a dc machine are :- Ø The stator has salient poles and is excited by one or more field coil. Ø The air-gap flux distribution created by the field windings is symmetric about the center line of the field poles. This axis is called the field axis or direct axis. Ø The ac voltage generated in each rotating armature coil is converted to dc in the external armature terminals by means of a rotating commutator and stationary brushes to which the armature leads are connected. o The commutator-brush combination forms a mechanical rectifier, resulting in a dc armature voltage as well as an armature-mmf wave which is fixed in space. o The brushes are located so that commutation occurs when the coil sides are in the neutral zone, midway between the field poles. o The axis of the armature-mmf wave is 90 electrical degrees from the axis of the field poles, i.e., in the quadrature axis. o The armature-mmf wave is along the brush axis. DIRECT CURRENT MOTOR A direct current (DC)motoris a simple electricmotorthat uses electricity and amagnetic fieldto produce torque, which turns themotor. A DCmotorrequires two magnets of opposite polarity and an electric coil, which acts as anelectromagnet. The repellent and attractive electromagnetic forces of the magnets provide the torque to theDCmotor. DC motors are divided into three classes, designated according to the method of connecting the armature and the field windings as shunt-series and compound wound.When a permanent magnet is positioned around a loop of wire that is hooked up to a D.C. power source. In order to make the loop of wire spin, we have to connect a battery or DC power supply between its ends, and support it so it can spin about its axis. To allow the rotor to turn without twisting the wires, the ends of the wire loop are connected to a set of contacts called the commutator,which rubs against a set of conductors calledthebrushes.The brushes make electrical contact with the commutator as it spins, andare connected to the positive and negative leads of the power source, allowing electricity to flow through the loop. The electricity flowing through the loop creates a magnetic field that interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet to make the loop spin. DC MOTOR PRINCIPLE An electric motor is a machine which converts electric energy to mechanical energy.Its action is based on the principle that when a current carrying conductor is placed in magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical force whose direction is given by flemming left hand rule and whose magnitude is given by F=BIl newton. Where B is the field strength in teslas, Ic is the current flowing through the conductor in amperes and lc is the length of conductor in meters. WORKING OF DC MOTORS:- When the motor is connected to the dc supply mains, a direct current passes through the brushes and commutator to the armature winding while it passes through the commutator it is converted into ac so that the groups of conductors under successive field poles carry currents in the opposite directions. Also the direction of current in the individual conductors reverses as they pass away from the influence of one pole to that of the next. CONSTRUCTION :- DC motor consist of rotor mounted winding and stationary winding.In all DC motors , except permanent magnet motors, current must be conducted to the armature winding by passing current through carbon brushes that slide over a set of copper surfaces called a commutator , which is mounted on the rotor.The commutator bars are soldered to armature coils. The brush/ commutator combination makes a sliding switch that energize particular portion of the armature, based on the position of the rotor. This process creates north and south magnetic poles on the rotor that are attracted to or repelled by north and south poles on the stator, which are formed by passing direct current through the field winding. This magnetic attraction and repulsion that causes the rotor to rotate. ADVENTAGES OF DC MOTORS :- DC motors provide excellent speed control for acceleration and deceleration with effective and simple torque control. The fact that the power supply of a DC motor connects directly to the field of the motor allows for precise voltage control, which is necessary with speed and torque control applications.DC motors perform better than AC motors on most traction equipment. They are also used for mobile equipment like golf carts, quarry and mining equipment. DC motors are conveniently portable and well suited to special applications, such as industrial tools and machinery that is not easily run from remote power sources. SERIES MOTOR DIAGRAM The series motor provides high torque and is able to move very large shaft loads when it is firet energized.From the diagram we can see that the field winding in the motor is wired in series with the armature winding.This is the attribute that gives the series motor its name. Since the series field winding is connected in series with the armature, it will carry the same amount of current that passes through the armature. For this reason the field is made from heavy-gauge wire that is large enough to carry the load. Since the wire gauge is so large, the winding will have only a few turns of wire. In some larger DC motors, the field winding is made from copper bar stock rather than the conventional round wire used for power distribution. The square or rectangular shape of the copper bar stock makes it fit more easily around the field pole pieces. It can also radiate more easily the heat that has built up in the winding due to the large amount of current being carried. The amount of current that passes through the winding determines the amount of torque the motor shaft can produce. Since the series field is made of large conductors, it can carry large amounts of current and produce large torques. For example, the starter motor that is used to start an automobiles engine is a series motor and it may draw up to 500 A when it is turning the engines crankshaft on a cold morning.. The series motor can safely handle large currents since the motor does not operate for an extended period. In most applications the motor will operate for only a few seconds while this large current is present. OPERATION OF SERIES MOTOR Operation of the series motor is easy to understand. The field winding is connected in series with the armature winding. This means that power is applied to one end of the series field winding and to one end of the armature winding (connected at the brush). When voltage is applied, current begins to flow from negative power supply terminals through the series winding and armature winding. The armature is not rotating when voltage is first applied, and the only resistance in this circuit will be provided by the large conductors used in the armature and field windings. Since these conductors are so large, they will have a small amount of resistance. This causes the motor to have a large amount of current from the power supply. When the large amount of current starts to flow through the field and armature windings, it produces a strong magnetic field . Since the current is so large, it will cause the coils to reach saturation, which will produce the strongest magnetic field possible. OPERATING CHARACTERSTIC OF DC SERIES MOTOR Ø SPEED CURRENT CHARACTERSTIC. Ø TORQUE CURRENT CHARACTERSTIC. Ø SPEED TORQUE CHARACTERSTIC. SPEED CURRENT CHARACTERSTIC :- The mmf due to the exciting coils increases in direct proportion to the line or armature current, so the value of flux varies with the load current according to the magnetization curve.Due to the larger current the magnetic circuit gets saturated and flux à ¡Ã‚ ¶Ã‚ ² tends to approach a constant value. From the speed equation , the speed is proportional to the back emf Eb and inversely proportional to the flux per pole à ¡Ã‚ ¶Ã‚ ².With the increase in armature current voltage drop in armature circuit and series field [ I(Ra+Rse)] increases and back emf Eb decreases. Torque current characterstic :- Torque is directly proportional to the product of flux per pole à ¡Ã‚ ¶Ã‚ ² and armature current Ia.Upto saturation point flux is proportional to field current and hence to the armature current, because Ia=If. After saturation point flux à ¡Ã‚ ¶Ã‚ ² is independent of the excitation current and so that the current is proportional to the armature current i.e. T ÃŽ ± Ia .So the characterstic becomes a straight line.The useful torque is less than the total torque developed.This is due to torque lost in iron and friction and windage losses. SPEED TORQUE CHARACTERSTIC :- The speed torque characterstic also known as mechanical characterstic, sharply falls with the increasin torque for smaller value of load. But at higher load, the speed drops linearly but slowly with increasing torque. Hence series motors are best suited for services where the motor is directly coupled to the load such as fanswhose speed falls with the increase in load torque. SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR There is two method of speed control i.e. armature voltage control and flux control method. The voltage control can be from a variable voltage source like Ward-Leonard arrangement or by the use of series armature resistance. Unlike the starting conditions the series resistance has to be in the circuit throughout in the case of speed control. That means that the energy is lost in these resistors.These resistors must be adequately cooled for continuous operation. The variable voltage source on the other hand gives the motor the voltage that is needed by it and the losses in the control gear is a minimum. This method is commonly used when the speed ratio required is large, as also the power rating. Field control or flux control is also used for speed control purposes. Normally field weakening is used. This causes operation at higher speeds than the nominal speed. Strengthening the field has little scope for speed control as the machines are already in a state of saturation and large fie ld mmf is needed for small increase in the flux. Even though flux weakening gives higher speeds of operation it reduces the torque produced by the machine for a given armature current and hence the power delivered does not increase at any armature current. The machine is said to be in constant power mode under field weakening mode of control. constant flux mode with increased applied voltage can be used. For weakening the field, series resistances are used for shunt as well as compound motors. In the case of series motors field weakening is done by the use of diverters .Diverters are resistances that are connected in parallel to the series winding to reduce the field current without affecting the armature current. BRAKING OF DC MOTOR When a motor is switched off it coasts to rest under the action of frictional forces.Braking is employed when rapid stopping is required. The electric braking may be done for various reasons such as :- 1. To augment the brake power of the mechanical brakes. 2. To save the life of the mechanical brakes. 3. To regenerate the electrical power and improve the energy efficiency. 4. In the case of emergencies to step the machine instantly. 5. To improve the through put in many production process by reducing the stopping time. In many cases electric braking makes more brake power to the braking process where mechanical brakes are applied. This reduces the wear and tear of the mechanical brakes and reduces the frequency of the replacement of these parts. By recovering the mechanical energy stored in the rotating parts and pumping it into the supply lines the overall energy efficiency is improved. This is called regeneration. Where the safety of the personnel or the equipment is at stake the machine may be required to stop instantly. Basically the electric braking involved is simple. The electric motor can be made to work as a generator by suitable terminal conditions and absorb mechanical energy. This converted mechanical power is dissipated/used on the electrical network suitably. Braking can be broadly classified into: 1. Dynamic 2. Regenerative 3. Reverse voltage braking or plugging These are now explained briefly with reference to shunt ,series and compound motors. DYNAMIC BRAKING †¢ SHUNT MACHINE In dynamic braking the motor is disconnected from the supply and connected to a dynamic braking resistance RDB. This is done by changing the switch from position 1 to 2 . The supply to the field should not be removed. Due to this rotation of the armature during motoring mode and due to the inertia, the armature continues to rotate. An emf is induced due to the presence of the field and the rotation.This voltage drives a current through the braking resistance. The direction of this current is opposite to the one which was flowing . Thereforethe torque produced is reversed. The machine acts like a brake. The torque speed characteristics separate by excited shunt of the machine under dynamic braking mode for a particular value of RDB. The positive torque corresponds to the motoring operation. The dynamic braking of a shunt excited motor and the corresponding torque-speed curve.The machine behaves as a self excited generator.Below a certain speed the self-excitation collapses and the bra king action becomes Zero. †¢ SERIES MOTOR In the case of a series machine the excitation current becomes zero as soon as the armature is disconnected from the mains and hence the induced emf also vanishes. In order to achieve dynamic braking the series field must be isolated and connected to a low voltage high current source to provide the field.The motor is made to work like a separately excited machine. When several machines are available at any spot, as in railway locomotives, dynamic braking is feasible. Series connection of all the series fields with parallel connection of all the armatures connected across a single dynamic braking resistor is used in that case. †¢ COMPOUND GENERATOR In the case of compound machine, the situation is similar to shunt machine. A separately excited shunt field and the armature connected across the braking resistance are used.A cumulatively connected motor becomes differentially compounded generator and the braking torque generated comes down. If large braking torques are desired.there is necessary to reverse the series field REGENERATIVE BRAKING In regenerative braking as the name suggests the energy recovered from the rotating masses is back into the d.c. power source. Thus this type of braking improves the energy efficiency of the machine. The armature current can be made to reverse for a constant voltage operation by increase in speed/excitation only. Increase in speed does not result in braking and the increase in excitation is feasible only over a small range, which may be of the order of 10 to 15%. Hence the best method for obtaining the regenerative braking is to operate the machine on a variable voltage supply. As the voltage is continuously pulled below the value of the induced emf the speed steadily comes down. The field current is held constant by means of separate excitation. The variable d.c. supply voltage can be obtained by Ward-Leonard arrangement. Braking torque can be obtained right up to zero speed. PLUGGING The third method for braking is by plugging. method of connection for the plugging of a shunt motor. Initially the machine is connected to the supply with the switch S in position number 1. If now the switch is moved to position 2, then a reverse voltage is applied across the armature. The induced armature voltage E and supply voltage V aid each other and a large reverse current flows through the armature. This produces a large negative torque or braking torque. Hence plugging is also termed as reverse voltage braking. The machine instantly comes to rest. If the motor is not switched off at this instant the direction of rotation reverses and the motor starts rotating the reverse direction. This type of braking therefore has two modes i.e. 1) plug to reverse and 2) plug to stop. If we need the plugging only for bringing the speed to zero, then we have to open the switch S at zero speed. Plugging is a convenient mode for quick reversal of direction of rotation in reversible drives.During plugging it is necessary to limit the current and the torque, to reduce the stress on the mechanical system and the commutator. This is done by adding additional resistance in series with the armature during plugging. †¢ SERIES MOTOR In the case of series motors plugging cannot be employed as the field current is reversed when reverse voltage is applied across the machine. This keeps the direction of the torque produced unchanged. This fact is used with advantage, in operating a d.c. series motor on d.c. or a.c. supply. Series motors thus qualify to be called as Universal motors. †¢ COMPOUND MOTOR Plugging of compound motors proceeds on similar lines as the shunt motors. A cumulatively compounded motor becomes differentially compounded on plugging. The mmf due to the series field can over power the shunt field forcing the flux to low values or even reverse the net field. This decreases the braking torque, and increases the duration of the large braking current. To avoid this it may be advisable to deactivate the series field at the time of braking by short circuiting the same. In such cases the braking proceeds just as in a shunt motor. If plugging is done to operate the motor in the negative direction of rotation as well, then the series field has to be reversed and connected for getting the proper mmf. Unlike dynamic braking and regenerative braking where the motor is made to work as a generator during braking period, plugging makes the motor work on reverse motoring mode. REFERENCES: Ø http://www.solarbotics.net/starting/200111_dcmotor/200111_dcmotor2.html Ø http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/Electrical_Machines_I/pdfs/2_8.pdf Ø http://www.engineersedge.com/motors/dc_series_wound_motor.htm Ø http://www.tpub.com/content/neets/14177/css/14177_58.htm Ø http://www.most.gov.mm/techuni/media/EP_02021_4.pdf BOOKS Ø BASIC ELECTRICAL $ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING BY J.B.GUPTA. Ø A TEXTBOOK OF ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY BY B.L.THERAJA A.K.THERAJA

The Catcher in the Rye- Sally Hayes :: essays research papers fc

Sally Hayes is dim person whose phoniness blinds her from Holden’s cries for help and dismisses him when he needs her most, her phoniness changes Holden and he himself is forced into bad decisions because of it. When Holden is waiting for Sally in the lobby of New York's Biltmore Hotel, the place is filled with girls his age, and he's watching them. â€Å"[I]t was sort of depressing" (123), thinking about what's going to happen to most of the girls he sees. They're all going to have conventional lives, he thinks, married to boring men. However, Holden later decides that life with a bore might not be so bad after all. At least a bore has control and a plan for his life, something he sees as admirable in Sally and a wish for himself. However, when â€Å"Sally started coming up the stairs, and [Holden] started down to meet her† (124) it represents the relationship between the two, Holden is always taking those few steps down as to not make Sally look dumb and she must always go the extra mile to show him how intelligent she can be. This relationship is highlighted during the intermission of the play when Sally is always looking around to find someone that she knows, as if she is tr ying to prove that she has intelligent â€Å"[s]trictly Ivy League† (127) friends. "I'm crazy," (125) Holden says, â€Å"a madman†(134). Of course, he means these statements as figures of speech, but they still indicate that he has some idea that he's behaving erratically. Sally suggests that they go ice-skating that is where Holden's troubles begin coming to a head, uncharacteristically he's willing to see himself, and not the rest of the world, as the problem. "I don't get hardly anything out of anything," he cries. "I'm in bad shape. I'm in lousy shape." (131) Unlike his use of "crazy" and "madman" earlier, this is no figure of speech for Holden. He's serious, he's admitting he's in trouble, and he's asking Sally to help him. However, Sally Hayes is the last person who might be willing to help him. She hardly understands most of what he's saying to her, despite her feeble attempts. Holden makes the further mistake of asking her to come live in the woods with him. Her response would be funny if Holden's con dition weren't so serious. As he has done all along, he's trying to reach out to someone.

Success in The Old Man and the Sea :: Ernest Hemmingway

Success Comes in Many Forms Obtaining a goal can bring success to one’s outer â€Å"world† and to one’s inner spirit, the mind and soul. An achievement may bring recognition and respect from surrounding peers. It can also encourage one’s self esteem as well as give them more courage. In Ernest Hemmingway’s The Old Man and the Sea, Santiago receives outer, material formed success by earning the respect of his fellow peers and by attaining more physical strength. He also receives inner, spiritual formed success by gaining more self esteem. First, the old man receives outer success by earning the respect and appreciation of the boy and the other fishermen. The boy is speaking to the old man in his shack after the old man’s long journey, â€Å"You must get well fast for there is much that I can learn and you can teach me everything† (Hemmingway 126). The boy appreciates the fact that the old man spends time to teach him about fishing. He respects him a great deal for he knows that the old man is very wise and is a magnificent fisherman. The fellow fishermen also show respect towards the old man as they note the size of the fish after the old man returns home, â€Å"What a fish it was, there has never been such a fish† (123). The men admire the fact that the old man has caught the biggest fish that they have seen. Many fishermen resented Santiago at first, however their opinion changed once they realized what the old man has gone through. Being admired by others plays a major role in improving oneâ⠂¬â„¢s morale. Secondly, Santiago experiences material success because of the augmented physical strength he attains from the obstacles that he is forced to face. The old man is walking home to his shack after he returns from his strenuous journey, â€Å"He had to sit down five times before he reached his shack† (121). The old man is exhausted from his trip because he had spent so much energy catching the fish. Plenty of strength must have been gained from the exertion of this much energy. During the shark attacks, Santiago is optimistic about what good the bleeding from his hands will bring. â€Å"The bleeding may keep the left from cramping† (111). The old man is so strong that he uses the bleeding pain to suffocate a different source of pain. Not only that, but just the fact of keeping a positive attitude about a situation like this is a great accomplishment which can only be obtained from strength. Success in The Old Man and the Sea :: Ernest Hemmingway Success Comes in Many Forms Obtaining a goal can bring success to one’s outer â€Å"world† and to one’s inner spirit, the mind and soul. An achievement may bring recognition and respect from surrounding peers. It can also encourage one’s self esteem as well as give them more courage. In Ernest Hemmingway’s The Old Man and the Sea, Santiago receives outer, material formed success by earning the respect of his fellow peers and by attaining more physical strength. He also receives inner, spiritual formed success by gaining more self esteem. First, the old man receives outer success by earning the respect and appreciation of the boy and the other fishermen. The boy is speaking to the old man in his shack after the old man’s long journey, â€Å"You must get well fast for there is much that I can learn and you can teach me everything† (Hemmingway 126). The boy appreciates the fact that the old man spends time to teach him about fishing. He respects him a great deal for he knows that the old man is very wise and is a magnificent fisherman. The fellow fishermen also show respect towards the old man as they note the size of the fish after the old man returns home, â€Å"What a fish it was, there has never been such a fish† (123). The men admire the fact that the old man has caught the biggest fish that they have seen. Many fishermen resented Santiago at first, however their opinion changed once they realized what the old man has gone through. Being admired by others plays a major role in improving oneâ⠂¬â„¢s morale. Secondly, Santiago experiences material success because of the augmented physical strength he attains from the obstacles that he is forced to face. The old man is walking home to his shack after he returns from his strenuous journey, â€Å"He had to sit down five times before he reached his shack† (121). The old man is exhausted from his trip because he had spent so much energy catching the fish. Plenty of strength must have been gained from the exertion of this much energy. During the shark attacks, Santiago is optimistic about what good the bleeding from his hands will bring. â€Å"The bleeding may keep the left from cramping† (111). The old man is so strong that he uses the bleeding pain to suffocate a different source of pain. Not only that, but just the fact of keeping a positive attitude about a situation like this is a great accomplishment which can only be obtained from strength.

Experiences of Youth in Nazi Germany 1933-1945 Essay -- World War 2 WW

Young people in Nazi Germany during the period between 1933 and 1945 had many different experiences according to the category of society in which they fell. This was determined by Nazi ideology regarding the supreme importance of maintaining the purity of the Aryan master race. All other ethnic groups were regarded as inferior, and this policy was pursued through force, propaganda and education. Jewish children, Hitler Youth, Swing Kids, and the disabled had very diverse treatment under Hitler's rule. They all had differing experiences due to Hitler's belief in the master race. The reason for these different experiences is Nazi ideology. Hitler's entire philosophy was based on a racist view of humanity. He believed that the Aryans must struggle against the Jews and defeat them, or be destroyed themselves, ?Those who want to live, let them fight and those who do not want to fight in this world of eternal struggle do not deserve to live.? Some youth groups fitted Hitler?s ideal German, but some did not, and that is the reason why they suffered such brutal experiences. Jewish youth in Nazi Germany suffered greatly after January 1933 when the Nazis came into power. Some rich Jewish families could afford to leave Germany but many could not. Hitler had made plain his hatred for Jews in Mein Kampf, ?If you cut even cautiously into such a sore, you find like a maggot in a rotting body, often dazzled by the sudden light ? a Jew.? Hitler blamed Jews for all the misfortunes that had fallen Germany. Children at schools were taught specifically anti-Semitic ideas. Jewish students were openly ridiculed by teachers and the bullying of Jews in the playground went unpunished. Hitler believed that if the Jewish children responded by not wanting ... ...asures against them included cutting their hair, sending their leaders to concentration camps and sending them back to school under close supervision. In 1942 Himmler wrote to Heydrich telling him to get stricter with the ringleaders of the Swing movement. Soon after, clubs were raided and participants were taken to camps. Himmler said, ?I cannot but see that we have taken only half measures. All ringleaders are into a concentration camp to be re-educated?detention must be 2-3 years.? In conclusion, most of the Hitler Youth fit into the category of Hitler?s ideal German. They were kept in high regard except they were worked to the extreme and if they were not good enough, they were killed off. However, the swing kids, the Jews and the disabled did not. Hitler loathed these groups and did what he could to exterminate them. This was all due to Hitler?s Nazi ideology.

Majority-Minority Question in the Writings of Gandhi and Jinnah Essay

Two major political leaders stand out in early twentieth century history of India. These two men are Mahatma Gandhi and Mohammed Ali Jinnah. In the lead up to the demand of Indian political leaders for independence from British colonial rule, a major political party was formed, and named ‘The Indian Congress Party’. All areas of British colonial India was represented in the Congress party. British colonial India was made up of people of many religions; the two major ones being Hinduism and Islam. Hindus were in the majority, while Muslims were in the minority, though a sizable minority. Both Gandhi and Jinnah were members of Congress Party. The initial push for independence from British colonialism was supported by people of all religions and from all regions. Of the main actors in the Indian independence movement, Mahatma Gandhi advocated a single united India composed of people of all religions in a secular constitutional democracy. Mohammad Ali Jinnah on the other hand, wanted an India made up of two states of equal parity, Pakistan and Hindustan. Hindustan would be ruled by the majority Hindus while Pakistan would be ruled by the minority Muslims, not as a democracy, but as an Islamic state. His difference of opinion with other Congress Party leaders like Gandhi, led Jinnah to leave Congress Party and to join ‘The Muslim League’. The inability of the two different and extreme positions to reach a consensus, eventually led to the division of British colonial India into two different countries at independence in 1947: India and Pakistan. Gandhi’s Position on Indian Independence Mahatma Gandhi was first and foremost a Hindu. When Gandhi entered Indian politics by joining the Indian Congress Party, he had three major objectives in view. The first was to unite all the people from diverse regions and religions into one united, indivisible India. The second was to awaken in all Indians a sense of nationalism and moral rearmament. The third was to use non-violent civil disobedience to force the British colonialists to grant India both political and economic independence. His speeches and writings were tailored towards these three objectives. Prior to Gandhi’s entry into Indian politics, there had been agitations for political autonomy by Indians. Many of these agitations had turned violent. The British on their part forcefully put down these violent protests, with consequent heavy loss of life of protesting Indians. Gandhi institutionalized non-violent protests as an effective method of forcing British colonialists to grant, first economic concessions and later political self determination to Indians. One of Gandhi’s most quoted famous speeches is one address to all Britons and given in 1942. â€Å"Leave India to God. If that is too much, then leave her to anarchy. † (Gandhi, May 1942) ‘†During the struggle for freedom, Gandhi had written this speech as an appeal â€Å"To Every Briton† to free their possessions in Asia and Africa, especially India†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Philips and Wainwright, 567). In order for both Gandhi’s Indian Congress Party and the Muslim League to present a common front to the British for a unified Indian independence, Gandhi had meeting with Jinnah on many occasions. However, because of their diametrically opposed positions on the majority/minority issue, their talks yielded no positive results. While Gandhi and his Congress party wanted a unified India with a secular constitutional democracy, Jinnah and his Muslim League wanted a two state structure with the Muslim minority being granted political parity with the Hindu majority. Thus the stage was set for division of India into two separate political entities, one secular and the other religious. Jinnah’s Position on Hindu/Muslim Parity The stance of the Muslim minority of British colonial India was articulated by Jinnah in his speeches and talks with British colonial administrators and Gandhi. ‘In 1940 Jinnah said â€Å"So far as I have understood Islam, it does not advocate a democracy which would allow the majority of non-Muslims to decide the fate of the Muslims†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Quaid-e-Azam, Vol II) ‘†Also in 1940 Jinnah spoke of how the Muslims constituted not a mere minority, but a nation and must have their own homeland. (Gwyer and Appadorai, 1957) Hence from his speeches and writings, Ali Jinnah left no room for meaningful compromise with those like Gandhi, who wanted a unified independent India, with a secular democratic constitution. Jinnah and the Muslim minority in India feared that the Hindu majority would dominate them and subjugate them in reprisal for the way the Muslim rulers of pre-colonial India had subjugated the Hindu populace which they ruled. In the words of Burke, ‘†At best, Jinnah and his colleagues were apprehensive of the intentions of the Hindu-dominated Congress towards the Muslims, and its ability and willingness to provide for and facilitate the progress and well-being of the minorities. In short, they were seeking to â€Å"escape the yoke of the more numerous Hindus. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Burke, 1973) NOTES 1. Philips and Wainwright, eds. The Partition of India: Policies and Perspectives 1935-1947. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1970. 2. Speech delivered at Aligarh, March 6 1940, Speeches, Statements and Messages of the Quaid-e-Azam, Vol II, Khurshid Yusufi, Bazm-i-Iqbal, Lahore 3. Speech at Lahore Session of the All India Muslim League, March 22, 1940,’Speeches and Documents on the Indian Constitution 1921-47†²,Vol II, Gwyer and Appadorai, 1957 4. Burke, S. M. Pakistan’s Foreign Policy: An Historical Analysis (London: Oxford University Press, 1973) p. 65. Bibliography 1. Burke, S. M. Pakistan’s Foreign Policy: An Historical Analysis (London: Oxford University Press, 1973) p.65. 2. Philips and Wainwright, eds. The Partition of India: Policies and Perspectives 1935-1947. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1970. 3. Speech delivered at Aligarh, March 6 1940, Speeches, Statements and Messages of the Quaid-e-Azam, Vol II, Khurshid Yusufi, Bazm-i-Iqbal, Lahore 4. Speech at Lahore Session of the All India Muslim League, March 22, 1940,’Speeches and Documents on the Indian Constitution 1921-47†²,Vol II, Gwyer and Appadorai, 1957 Internet Sources 5. Gandhi, May 1942, quoted in â€Å"The Partition of India† http://www. english. emory. edu/Bahri/Part. html

Spread of Buddhism in China

During the blossom forth of Buddhism in mainland China, three favourite views were that the mete outing of Buddhism should be go badped, society benefited from it, and it was the room of salvation (afterlife). One of the responses to the spread of Buddhism was that it should be stopped. Many officials believed that Buddhism was harmful to china because Buddhism was conglomerate with the already established Chinese traditions, culture, and aristocracy.The jumper lead scholar and official at the bladderwrack imperial court, Han Yu, spells to his leader (document ) Your servant begs propose off to say that Buddhism is no more than a cult of the barbarian slew spread to china The Buddha was a man of the barbarians who did non speak Chinese your servant is profoundly ashamed and begs that this b mavin from the Buddha be assumption to the proper causalityities to be cast into fire and water, that this evil be root out, and later generations spared this delusion. Han Yu was a Confucian scholar, so it is no surprise that he is impertinent to Buddhism which clashes with Confucianism in umpteen aspects including how Confucianism promotes nonpareil fulfilling his duties to his original and country, where as Buddhism promotes detachment to avoid sorrow.The coolness emperor Wu wrote (document 6) Buddhism has transmitted its strange slipway and has spread like a sonsie vine until it has poisoned the customs of our nation Buddhism wears out the peoples strength, pilfers their wealth, causes people to abandon their lords and parents for the party of teachers, and s constantlys man and wife with its monastic decrees Having exhaustively examined all earlier reports and consulted public judicial decision on all sides, there no longer remains the slightest doubt in our mind that this evil should be eradicated. . Emperor Wu did not want the spread of Buddhism to hold on because it advocates one to focus on hit promised land, and in order to reach nirvan a people would join monasteries and abandon their lords and parents for the order of teachers. Obviously any leader such(prenominal) as Wu would not want his subjects to stop contributing to the country and focus on reaching enlightenment. This explains why he would write in opposition of the spread of Buddhism. another(prenominal) response was that the spread of Buddhism was good for some(prenominal) the community and society.A leading Buddhist scholar, Zong Mi, wrote (document 5) Confucius, Laozi, and the Buddha were consummate(a) sages All three teachings lead to the knowledgeability of an orderly society and for this they must be observed with respect. This scholar and many others tot that Buddhism is good and that it contributes to an orderly society. One lawsuit for this belief is that Buddhist try to strain self- public security, and then become bodhisattvas and help others master nirvana.This document also shows us that Buddhism is in perfect harmony with the alrea dy subsisting philosophies, and that the three (Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism) come together to attachment each other and together take a leak a calmnessful society. Zong Mi wrote in favor of Buddhism because of the fact that he is a Buddhist scholar and wanted others to turn over that Buddhism is good for the people as a whole. An Anonymous Chinese scholar wrote (document 3) To differentiate the sages to the Buddha would be like comparing a white deer to a unicorn or a swallow to a capital of Arizona The Buddhist monk practices the style and substitutes that for worldly pleasures.He accumulates goodness. finished the character of the anonymous scholar, it seems evident that he reveres the Buddhist to be peaceful and of good-natured. The author wrote this in response to a a couple of(prenominal) proposed problems, and he showed that the supposed negatives are not bad at all, but merely misunderstandings of the goods of Buddhism. The third response was that because of the spread of Buddhism many more people would be equal to(p) to reach nirvana and get off from sorrow.In the commencement exercise sermon preached, Buddha said (document 1) The first statuesque righteousness is the truth of sorrow. stemma is sorrow, age is sorrow, disease is sorrow, death is sorrow, pinch with the unpleasant is sorrow, separation from the pleasant is sorrow, and all(prenominal) wish unfilled is sorrow. The second shocking Truth is the Noble Truth of the Arising of heartbreak it arises from craving, which leads to rebirth, which brings delight and passion, and seeks pleasure. The third Noble Truth is the Noble Truth of Sorrow.It is the complete filet of that craving, so that no passion remains, going it, being emancipated from it, being released from it, braggy no place to it. The fourth Noble Truth is the Noble Truth of the Way that Leads to the Stopping of Sorrow. By acknowledging the four courtly truths and then following the eightfold path, one is adequate to reach nirvana. Because these are the wrangling of the creator of the Buddhism philosophy, it is clear to see that he is trying to show that through Buddhism, one can find peace from within.A Chinese scholar, Zhi Dun, wrote (document 2) whosoever serves the Buddha and correctly observes the commandments, recites the Buddhist scriptures, and furthermore makes a vow to be reborn without ever abandoning his sincere intention, result at the block of his life be miraculously transported thither. He will behold the Buddha and be learned person in his spirit, and then he will enter nirvana. The Author wrote this when northern china was invaded by central Asian steppe nomads, and his tone is very optimistic.A possible reason for this him theme this with such hope is that during a age of unrest he was competent to come upon partial or complete peace through Buddhism, and thus he is musical composition this to encourage others to follow Buddhism and obtain peace as he did. It would have been ministrant for a comprise of how Buddhism spread into/ somewhat china or a map of the percentage of Buddhist every 10 years. This would have helped because one would have been able to see what areas were modify first and what areas were affected the most. From that, one would better be able to better comprehend the differences in responses to the spread of Buddhism.

Inland Whale Essay

Finally, In the story of Testily, Suns female child is the ca consumption of the events that enroll in the story. My claim is, The cautionary tales The cosmoss married woman, squelch Man, and Testily, Suns Daughter reveal that Native Ameri rotter societies and cultures depended on gar popup cohesiveness and not letting edacity or personal desires take over. In The Mans Wife the man does many things that affect nature and the bureau of living.The man doesnt want to let his nonviable wife leave in peace so he stays with her, burns off his hair, and didnt eat or sleep while he was waiting for his wife. A quote that pro eves this is, He as thus far-off able to tie around her waist a lap of eagles down, and clinging to one end of it, he walked a few steps behind her all by the 132). This qua Toe proves that he insisted on universeness with her that he even went through and tied a rope roar ND her. This also shows that desire has interpreted over and he will do anything to b e with her.Not her thing that the man did was going into the drained peoples land. A quote that proves this is, l must warn you that to the dead the smell Of the living is offensive, and there will be restiveness as among them, feeling of the impropriety of your being here at all(Kookier 137). This is imp rattan cane because it shows that the man shouldnt be invading the home of the dead because the e dead and living should not act with the dead. If this happens the dead is disturbed and t he equilibrium of nature is disturbed.The man should of let go and locomote on so his wifes spirit t can be in peace and the desire of his wife can go away. In the story Butterfly Man Clanswoman cant choose who to be with became use of the things she admires or that she likes. At first she was with her baby at the v illegal while her husband was gone. and then she go forth when not supposed to and saw a coquet stroke a ND followed it on and on, left the baby on the bush alone never to retu rn because of what she wanted.A quote that proves this is, Nor was it flying at random, for its standards path WA s leading her ever up and back, farther into the hills, farther from the river(Kookier 61 ). HTH s is main(prenominal) because it shows that her wanting that butterfly she never noticed how far SSH e was from her home and her baby. Another thing she does is disobey the butterfly man whew n he tell not to look up and look at the other butterflies.A quote that shows that she disobey deed the butterfly man and looked at the other butterflies is, Her eyes followed his trajectory and SSH e took one hand off the stays and reached greedily for him(Kookier 63). This quote is imports NT because when something is desired so practically that they break the rule they are suppose d to follow like not leaving their dramaturgy when husbands are hunting or the one the butterfly man gave which as never to let go and look up at the other butterflies.This considerate of stuff and o ther things may lead to green-eyed monster and many more things. In the story Testily, Suns Daughter the cause of the events that unroll in the story are because Of Testily, Suns Daughter. When Testily accepted Thetas proposal I fireplug was mad. A quote that proves this is, Hoopla was angry. He grabbed Tequilas arm, shouting, Shes tap Shes mine I am older than you and she is mine (Kookier 114). T his quote is important because it shows that Hoopla being jealous he ended up pull Test

Psychology Learning Objectives

psychological intuition examen 1 accomplishment Objectives 8/27/12 Chapter 1, p. 2-4 1. What is psychological science? rationalize why psychological science is more than simply usual sense. 2. get wind how levels of abridgment follow out to the business line/ battleground of psychology. 3. string the quintet challenges for psychology discussed in your textbook. How do these stick psychology intricate? 8/29/12 Chapter 1 p. 11-20 & 27-34 1. nail down pseudoscience and its exemplar signs. 2. target the study(ip)(ip) supposed frameworks of psychology and outline their major contributions to the field. 3. secern the sayable types of psychologists and what from apiece one of them does. 8/31/12 Chapter 1, p. 5-10 & Chapter 8, p. 305-310 1. attain methods for achieving cognitive economy. 2. How burn heuristics and biases stop us from mentation scientifically? 3. identify what factors come upon how we act decisions. 4. string the universal line of work w ork out strategies and challenges expound in the text. 9/5/12 Chapter 1 p. 5-10 20-26 1. con simulatee the grandeur of science as a caution against biases. 2. secern the backbone features of scientific skepticism. . line and explicate the 6 principles of scientific persuasion 9/7/12 Chapter 2 p. 49-66 1. chance on the advantages and disadvantages of to each one of the quaternary discussed enquiry designs. 2. absorb the portion of correlational statisticsal designs and distinguish correlation from creator 3. notice the components of an essay and latent pitfalls 9/10/12 Chapter 2 p. 66-69 70-74 1. name the honourable obligations researchers towards their research participants 2. pull out both sides of the argumentation on the practice session of animals as research subjects 3. discern uses of discordant measures of rally magnetic inclination and unevenness 4. apologise how inferential statistics quarter admirer us bound whether we pile deduce from o ur experiment to the deal 5. apologise how statistics green goddess be utilise 9/12/12 Chapter 7 p. 242-254 1. condone how our memories dont accurately gleam our experiences 2. apologize the function, span, and era of each of the 3 holding systems 3. state the subtypes of long-run computer holding 9/14/12 Chapter 7, p. 254-263 1. give away methods for connecting natural instruction to alive experience bring in any case reposition Forgetting2.Identify the subprograms that schemas die hard in keeping repositing 3. blot ship canal of bill entrepot 4. nominate how the family in the midst of encryption and retrieval nail down forms shop. 9/17/12 Chapter 7 265-269, 271-278 1. call the major pass structures involved in retentivity and what role they operate in retrospection stock 2. justify the relevancy of blackout to the passs retentiveness of memory. 3. Identify factors that influence peoples aptitude to treasonably memories and memory er rors. 4. Describe both(prenominal) of the true(a) valet implications of mendacious memories and memory errors.