Thursday, October 31, 2019

AS2 Evaluation Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

AS2 Evaluation Report - Essay Example intervention of the mass media as a method of engaging the wider segment of the community to establish an idealistic perspective of prosperity and economic development. The report considers entertainment and education for the young people as style that not only educate and entertain the community but also a technique of enlightening the essentiality of positive attitude towards developmental projects. The report presents an extensive description of innovative approaches as models of participation and community engagement. On the same note, cultural activities and electronic technologies are viewed as a way of enhancing social marketing campaigns to boost economic performance of the community. The study has an objective of establishing requisite procedures for collecting and interpreting communicable information in a bid to support the priority setting for addressing the concern of marginalized groups in a society. Be that as it may, societal outreach and mobilization has always been considered as a number one priority for engaging the marginalized groups since the dawn of time. The community sensitization and mobilization comprises of diverse issues that involves meeting and trainings. In view of the previous studies and comments posed by profound scholars, community engagement through traditional authorities and cultural activities are perceived as a stepping stone towards defining the needs of the disadvantaged groups in the community. Mass media has been conceptualized as technique of engaging and enlightening a wider segment of the community on the essentiality of grasping developmental perspectives. In a strong sense, mass media basically targets the young people since they are believed to have what it takes to implement and put into practice the developmental agendas for facilitating economic performance of a community. The use of television, billboards and quite a number of mass media procedures is quite essential in enabling the majority of disadvantaged

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

DIVORCE AND CHILDREN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

DIVORCE AND CHILDREN - Essay Example Divorce is already commonplace in the United States. This is the case across all relevant demographics: regardless of the social class, age, religion and ethnic membership, divorce is prevalent. For example, recent estimates reveal that between 40 percent and 50 percent of recent first marriages are likely to end in divorce (Lamanna and Riedmann, 474). Statistics also paint a grim scenario. In 2009, the Census Bureau reported that the marriage rate in America is 7.5 marriages per 1000 people and the divorce rate is 3.6 per 1000 people (Andersen and Taylor, p.326). The high incidence of divorce highlights the degree of impact on all parties involved as well as the society in general. Because the experience involved is recognized as painful and difficult. The adults – the husband and wife – undergoing this process encounter tremendous stress and pressure. An expert on the subject explained that this is a commonality across all divorcing partners. The story, wrote Antunes, often went like this: After months or sometimes years of discussions, hurtful arguments, destructive behavior, indifference, tears, betrayals, false hopes, starting over, forgiving, counseling, praying and doing everything we can think of in order to â€Å"fix† our marriages, we arrived at the Crushing yet defining moment when we knew our relationships were over (ix). If the process is an ordeal for the husband and wife, one can only imagine the toll it will claim on their children. As depicted in the above account, divorce seemed like a battle and children are most assuredly caught in the crossfire. This is one of the most compelling reasons why divorce can be considered bad. It adversely affects the hapless children. Adverse Effects on Children It is common sense to claim that there are only rare cases when children do not feel sad about their parents’ divorce. The fact is that they are often torn by conflicting loyalties: who should they side with in the conflict? In addition, feelings of fear, loss and anger are also common, along with desires for reconciliation (Andersen and Taylor, 327). The psychological impact of losing parents to this process is significant. In the short term, children experience feelings of confusion as well as the feeling of being betrayed as they helplessly witness how their family unravel and torn apart before their eyes (Clarke-Stewart and Brentano, 106). Also, as their parents tangle between themselves and embroiled in their own troubles, children are also in danger of being neglected. Because of these variables, children’s lives are negatively affected in the long term. For instance, a study revealed that 70 percent of children living with divorced parents had lower levels of well-being in comparison with children raised in intact families (Clarke-Stewart and Brentano, 106). In addition, these children can also display violent and antisocial behaviors especially when the divorce is typified by high conflict. Poor performance in school and poor adjustment skills are also accepted outcomes especially when research indicates that families on the verge of breakup have been found to be typified by â€Å"less intimate interparental and parent-child relationships, less parental commitment to children’s education, and fewer economic and human resources, resulting in more academi c, psychological and behavioral problems† (Goldstein, 197). So, all in all, the process for divorce is a crisis for children. This is critical because there are just numerous variables involved and that these tend to accumulate, leading to a much bigger problem, amplifying the estimated severity and pathology of psychological and emotional disturbance, changing the children’s behavior and character in the process. It is important to note that children are created by society. Morton explained this circumstance when he argued that â€Å"children are assigned to social groups by lottery† and that â€Å"once they are in a group, they remain there for life†. These arguments are aligned with the philosophical school

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Death of a parent: Effects on children

Death of a parent: Effects on children Death of a parent: effects on children Thesis: Apparently, the death of a parent can be a dramatic experience for all members of the family, particularly for children, and can often have both short-term and extensive effects on the children. Even if the effects of parents death are heartbreaking, to live healthy and balanced life, members of this type of family must cope the reality and go on with their lives, leaving the fear and emptiness behind. Audience: Doctor Costa Purpose: To show how difficult is for children to cope with the death of a parent. When we think of a family, we most often visualize that family must have children and two parents. Nowadays, this is often not an example in many families throughout the world; single parent families are increasing dramatically. No matter how hard single parent try, he/she cannot replace the natural demand of a child for both of parents. There are several causes of the rise of single parenting across the globe. This essay will concentrate on the death of a parent. Apparently, the death of a parent can be a dramatic experience for all members of the family, particularly for children, and can often have both extensive and short-term effects on the children. Even if the effects of parents death are heartbreaking, to live healthy and balanced life, members of this type of family must cope the reality and go on with their lives, leaving the fear and emptiness behind. If family lost one of the parents, this affected perhaps children in a same level (or much more) as a mother/father that been left behind. One of the most common short-term effects on the children is the fear. This fear could â€Å"drag† children to melancholy and lose of self-esteem. Children are incapable and completely helpless of surviving alone, as a result, they might have great fear of insecurity. Consequently, children might practice a devastating fear of the unfamiliar, fear of not acknowledging what the future might hold, and where they might live, and fear of being left alone in the world. As an example, after my uncles death, we could see the fear in the eyes of my all five young cousins. We could indeed â€Å"see† how their souls were broken; one could read the sorrow in their eyes. It took some period for my aunt to cope with tragedy and give hope for her children with the aid of other family members and the district society. It can be dense for a widower parent to build acceptance of this event and assist the child in having a pleasant and balanced life. The second, extensive effect is the feeling and living with emptiness. As life goes along, perhaps a widower parent and his/her children leave the fear behind and (deep in their heart) never let go of pain and sorrow. This tragedy could create a great impact of emptiness in children, which might leave a â€Å"gap† in their spirit forever. I assume that the emotional part of the childrens world is entirely divided apart with this emptiness. This feeling can take away the happiness of childhood and worse of all; emptiness could create emotional isolation within the childrens personality. Their pain and sorrow might forever engrave in a hidden place of their remembrance. Children carry on searching for the lost parent for an extended period, even until they became parents themselves. Perhaps one method of filling this emptiness can be the creation of fresh happy memories. Finally, in families where a parent died, it difficult to accept the circumstance that nothing is going to be the same; however, children in these families are in great deal of challenge. I believe, after sometime children might fight the fear by coping with reality and willing to commence a fresh beginning with the support of a parent, friend, or society. Moreover, it is not easy to fill the emptiness of their hearts and souls until the day of new happiness. To sum up, letting go of the fear, emptiness, pain and sorrow could allow children to look forward to happiness, understand, and accept the reality. Only then, joy can enter to their memories and guide them to start a new beginning.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Technology :: essays research papers

Technology Recently while having a get together with some friends we were relating some experiences that seem quite pertinent to the subject of how communication is or will change. David the son of my friend Jackie was at a loss when told to call home. It seems our young guest had never had to use a rotary telephone. Confronted with this icon of past technology, David went away with a new experience to tell his friend about. Another guest, upon hearing of David's story told of a similar experience she'd had. It seems that Loretta had given her son a watch for Christmas. This wristwatch, complete with hands and a face was foreign to her son Tommy who has had the time electronically flashed at him in numeric form for all of his life without the need to know how to tell time conventionally. So it seems in this day and age, that the old continues to be replaced by the newer and faster technology. We in turn have a need to learn newer and faster ways of dealing with these new technologies. Technology grows and the more it grows the faster it grows. Yet with this technology we can learn how to decrease our work time while increasing our productivity. We have definitely come a long way from the pony express and telegraph. With current technological advancements it is now possible to communicate across the planet instantaneously, thanks to things like fiber optics, e-mail, and satellites all of which make this possible. With the invention of the printing press and the first book in print came the birth of the information age. Accompanying the birth of the information age was an explosion of new technological advances designed to improve how we communicate. With the birth of the twentieth century we've seen a drastic growth in the way we communicate with each other. With cellular telephones, personal computers, palm pilots, and online shopping. These advancements have all been designed to save us time, and help us communicate with one another. These are the tools of the "wired world", which in turn encourages our interaction and participation. And in fact make our lives much easier. While the next generation will without a doubt, find themselves lost without these technological wonders, we at the other end find it a little unsettling.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Research material Essay

Our stimulus was the photograph of ‘The Falling Man’ and from this we began to brainstorm our ideas. After coming up with our starting point, the fall of the economy and society, we then started to distribute topics to research amongst the group. The first point to target was economic disasters; from this we decided to look at information about the credit crunch and the Wall Street crash to provide the starting point of our research. There were certain bits of our research that had to be gathered during the process of devising for example in the Prostitute scene we had to gather information on mythological creatures such as sirens and harpies. A lot of our research on this subject ended up being the starting point for almost all of the chorus’ characters for this scene. Also in the war scene we drew our research from comic TV shows such as Black Adder and Monty Python, again this research went straight into our scenes and provided us with stepping stones to experiment and explore all the content that could be created using their unique senses of style and humour. Our resources were mostly Internet for our research on the Wall Street Crash, mainly websites like Wikipedia and the BBC website, but we made sure to research the information we had found again from different sources so as to make sure that the information it provided was correct. I had also found a guide to economics and found some references from it that we used in the process, to stimulating or integrating with our ideas, we used some of these during the devising process. However none of these references made it through to staying in the final performance, we decided this as a group agreeing that the addition of the economic jargon would make it too convoluted. For the research on mythological creatures we used research from the Internet and various books, one being a Dorling Kindersley guide, we also took a look at books like ‘His Dark Materials’ for representation of mythological creatures such as daemons, angels and harpies, the latter was to aid the content of the prostitute scene however this research was not used as harpies weren’t what we were thinking as a seductress. We then explored sirens in a book I had and decided that that was a far more realistic way to go to represent our seductresses. As for the War scene we gathered research on the style we wanted to emulate by watched videos of ‘Monty Python’s Flying Circus’ and ‘Black Adder Goes Forth’. The gathering of our research material was co-ordinated by individuals doing there own research and, where relevant, discussing it with the group to see if certain finds were appropriate to incorporate into a particular scene and making sure the information was strong enough to underpin or add to the scene and, ultimately, our plot. When collecting research material we found that the group were looking up the same things, doubling up on various topics, and finding the same information. This was due to everybody using the same research source, the Internet. We overcame this by making sure everyone knew what they were supposed to research and encouraged people going to the library and finding external sources rather than looking everything up on the Internet, which has liabilities. Our research formed the basis to create the beginning scene of the play, after researching the economy and finding a poem based on a nuclear attack; one of the members of the group combined these two sources. This created a brilliant introduction to our piece that took the form of an emergency service announcement (replicating the poem) but re-written as if it were announcing the fall of the economy. After gathering this we then began to brainstorm ideas for action, lighting, sounds etc. to create a scene representing emergency and panic but without using actors to portray it. This steered us, inevitably, towards flashing police lights and sirens, the obvious choice being a World War II air raid siren. A lot of our research was disregarded, especially at the beginning of the process during brainstorming, this was when we were trying to find the deeper meaning through the image of ‘The Falling Man’ but, to do this, we kept coming back to research on 9/11 which, we knew when we started, wasn’t the direction we wanted to take. But after our final take on the stimulus was decided we began focussing on our economic and social research. Explorations, into mythological creatures especially, created fresh ideas during rehearsal time, for example in the prostitute scene. Thinking about the prostitute scene we kept coming back to the idea of sirens and harpies following on from this, after our research material had been collated and discussed, numerous members of the group began having clearer and clearer ideas for the actual behaviour of these creatures we were creating. From our workshops we deduced that we needed creatures that were a cross between seductresses and monsters to lure the protagonist of his path and then put his life in danger once they’d done so. In our final performance the prostitutes waited until the protagonist fell asleep the manipulated his body to move him then, as he woke up, began stroking and caressing him slowly getting more aggressive, agitated and hideous. This was the research material that we collected later. I also decided to research some more World War II propaganda as, at this point; I didn’t know what our set was going to look like for the Battle scene and thought that we could have a screen behind us donning WWII propaganda, postcards, pictures etc. this research was also disregarded, as we didn’t end up with a screen behind us at all. The research I did for my character was mainly through hot seating, I tried to draw from former experiences of bullying, peer pressure and losing a loved one then collating it all and exaggerating each individual experience to imagine being taken away from an entire family and being plunged into cannibalistic tribe of siren-esque women. Our whole play desired an awful lot of research just to make the characters seem real enough. For my character I thought that this research into various area would create a fuller more believable character.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Dramatic Successes In Eradicating Small Pox Environmental Sciences Essay

Over the last 30 old ages the reversal in the worsening decease rate due to infective diseases has alarmed international wellness experts. Dramatic successes in eliminating little syphilis, commanding infantile paralysis and TB, and extinguishing vector-borne diseases such as xanthous febrility, dandy fever and malaria from many parts convinced most experts the epoch of infective diseases would shortly be over. Unfortunately this optimistic forecast was premature as a figure of diseases have dramatically reemerged. Tuberculosis, cholera, dandy fever, pestilence, Avian grippe and malaria have increased in incidence or geographic scope, as have new drug-resistant strains of bacteriums. In add-on freshly recognized diseases, such as AIDS, SARS, Drug Resistant Tuberculosis, Cryptosporidiosis, e.t.c. hold emerged. Dr. Mark Woolhouse and his co-workers at University of Edinburgh noted in the diary SCIENCE that â€Å" humanity is presently plagued by 1709 known pathogens ( from viruses and bacteriums to fungi, Protozoa and worms ) † . They concluded that 49 % of those are zoonotic and farther it was noted that zoonotic diseases are three times more likely to be emerging diseases than non-zoonotic diseases ( Cook, 2003 ) . The present planetary outgrowth of infective diseases is clearly associated with the societal and demographic alterations of the past 50 old ages, peculiarly urbanization and globalization, with the attendant spread of pathogens ( agents doing disease ) via septic worlds, hosts, vectors or trade goods. The alteration in the environment caused by human activities is besides evident in the transmutation of much of our landscape and transition of regional systems one time dominated by natural ecosystems. Factors include enlargement into urban or peri-urban home ground, deforestation, and the spread of intensive agriculture. The environment ‘s function in the outgrowth of diseases is evident in the connexions between the direct effects of human alterations to urban and rural landscapes and ecosystems, and the secondary effects on disease outgrowth factors. Developing irrigated agribusiness, for illustration, can make breeding evidences for mosquitoes, a vector for malaria. Likewise the unequal storm drainage and sewage systems frequently associated with rapid urbanization non merely increase the genteelness home ground for disease vectors but facilitate the spread of waterborne pathogens doing cholera and swamp fever. Overwhelming grounds points to human demographic alterations as the major direct and indirect factor lending to the addition in infective disease, with slightly different kineticss and mechanisms at work in urban and rural environments. In the first instance the increasing figure of people crowded into dense colonies has dramatically increased chances for nutrient, H2O, gnawer and vector-borne pathogens to â€Å" colonize † and prevail in human populations. Each pathogen has alone transmittal and adaptative features that determine a minimal population for endurance ( the threshold for rubeolas is about 250,000 people ) . Whether the threshold is 100,000 or a million the figure of big urban colonies and the mean colony size has been turning fast in recent decennaries. The figure of metropoliss of one million or larger was 76 in 1950, 522 in 1975, 1,122 in 2000, and is set to transcend 1,600 by 2015. This 20-fold addition translates to a approximately similar addition in planeta ry infective disease exposure due to this one factor entirely. This type of growing has indirect societal and environmental effects that contribute to multiplying the existent addition in population. Poverty, hapless life conditions, including deficiency of sanitation and substructure for waste-water and solid waste direction, increases chances for vector- borne diseases and others go throughing from animate beings to worlds. The geographic spread and enlargement into peri-urban countries of the mosquito Aedes albopictus, finely adapted for engendering in discarded plastic containers and used car tyres, is a good illustration of how a possible vector of viral diseases has taken advantage of environmental alteration. Lack of sanitation and waste H2O intervention, and industrialscale intensification of carnal production systems the universe over, contribute to alien species, and the proliferation and spread of H2O and food-borne pathogens. Increasingly frequent eruptions of infections are caused by these and other beings, many of which may eat alo ngside or quarry on wild mammals and birds as natural parasites. The taint of surface Waterss and spread of pathogens is farther promoted by the change of catchments and water partings attach toing urbanization, and intensive farming around metropoliss. Imparting watercourses, taking flora on the Bankss, and make fulling in wetland – all of which accompany unplanned urbanisation – extinguish the natural keeping and alimentary recycling systems, every bit good as barriers to come up run-off contaminated with enteric pathogens. Nutrient pollution taking to oxygen depletion in estuaries, lakes, watercourses and even stretches of ocean, such as the Gulf of Mexico, helps such pathogens survive excessively. In rural countries population and ingestion play a less direct function in lending to disease outgrowth, peculiarly as rural out-migration is fuelling the demographic detonation in metropoliss. It is more that urban countries are driving a sustained addition in the lumber trade, agribusiness, stock elevation and excavation, ensuing in bend in deforestation and alterations in land usage that are transforming rural landscapes and natural countries in ways that frequently facilitate the outgrowth of disease. Deforestation or even â€Å" patchy † re-afforestation leads to ecological alterations such as increased border home ground and local extinction of marauders that favour some disease vectors and reservoir species. Invasion of persons and colonies on natural ecosystems brings worlds into contact with known and fresh pathogens. The spread and intensification of farming consequences in the development of irrigation systems, ideal genteelness sites for mosquitoes and a home groun d for timeserving insects and gnawers that may be vectors or reservoirs for disease. Dams provide a favorable home ground for other vectors. Climate alteration represents a possible environmental factor impacting disease outgrowth. Shifts in the geographic scopes of hosts and vector, the consequence of increasing temperature on generative, development and mortality rates on hosts, vectors, and pathogens, and the effects of increased clime variableness on implosion therapy and drouths all have the possible to impact disease incidence and outgrowth positively or negatively. At present there is deficient grounds to bespeak what the net consequence will be one time climate alterations begin to hold a major affect on ecosystems. However, a dominant subject emerging from research on the ecology of infective disease is that accelerated and disconnected environmental alteration, whether natural or caused by worlds, may supply conditions conducive to pathogen outgrowth: pathogen version, host shift, and active or inactive or dispersion. The revival of infective diseases worldwide reflects our quick-fix outlook, with hapless development planning, a deficiency of political finding and institutional inactiveness. It is non the inevitable consequence of development, environmental alteration, or even incremental population growing. On the contrary much can be done to change by reversal the current tendency. Equally good as reconstructing the public wellness substructure for infective diseases, there is significant grounds and a turning figure of illustrations of how regional planning and development, including urbanization, agricultural enlargement, and the direction and preservation of woods and other ecosystems can understate and even cut down eruptions of infective disease every bit good as environmental harm. Basically we need an incorporate attack to pathogen control. This attack will affect engaging societal and economic development programmes, environmental and natural resource direction, with intercession based o n the fresh field of disease ecology and methods affecting community engagement ( Bruce and Gubler, 2004 ) .HUMAN AND EXOTIC SPECIES IMPACTSAdverse human impacts on biodiversity occur in really different ways, such as: habitat-destruction ; overharvesting ; climatic alteration ; environmental pollution ( air pollution, eutrophication, acid rain ) ; commercial trade of ( rare ) workss and animate beings ; debuts of species ; and familial technology.Habitat devastationDestruction of home grounds for al sort of intents, building of roads, canals, dikes and houses is likely the most of import threath to biodiversity. Illustrative are the side effects of some well-meaning international development undertakings. These are sometimes sponsored by international bureaus concerned with such personal businesss and sometimes by the foreign-assistance sections of single giver states. Normally the undertakings are intended to profit one section of the economic system of the recipient state ; but, because ecological advice by and large is non sought and because of the wide consequence of the proposed development on other resources or on the entire environment, the side effects of some of these activities frequently far outweigh any benefits that are derived. An illustration is the Aswan High Dam of Egypt, where the demand to increase the supply of H2O for irrigation and power was considered paramount. The environmental side effects, nevertheless, have been tremendous and include the spread of the disease bilharzia by snails that live in the irrigation channels, loss of land in the delta of the Nile River fro m eroding once the former deposit burden of the river was no longer available for land edifice, and a assortment of other effects. The duty of bureaus concerned with international development to seek the best environmental advice is now by and large accepted, but execution of this duty has been slow.OverharvestingOverharvesting, overcultivation or over-exploitation of natural resources is besides a large menace to biodiversity. This human activity refers to a rate of development or use that exceeds the cycling capacity of the natural resource. Classifying natural resources it has been traditional to separate between those that are renewable and those that are unrenewable. The former were considered to be the living resources — e.g. , woods, wildlife, and the similar — because of their ability to renew through reproduction. The latter were considered to be inanimate mineral or fuel resources, which, one time used, does non replace themselves. Because all natural resourc es in fact organize a continuum, from those that are most renewable in the short term to those that are least renewable, they do non readily impart themselves to a individual system of categorization. It is utile, hence, to analyze the assorted types of natural resources in relation to their cycling clip ; i.e. , the length of clip required to replace a given measure of a resource that has been utilized with an tantamount measure in a likewise utile signifier. From this point of position, renewable resources can be considered as those with short cycling times ( grass, lumber ) and unrenewable resources as those with really long cycling times ( coal, oil ) . Any resource can be unrenewable, nevertheless, if the demand and rate of use exceed its cycling capacity. Illustrative is the international development of life resources, peculiarly the tropical woods of the universe. These woods, which contain many 100s of species of trees turning in diverse mixtures, were spared from development in earlier decennaries because of their unavailability, the comparatively low value of most of the trees for lumber intents, and the limited universe demand. Heavily exploited for particular utilizations were a few species of high value, such as teak, coal black, sandalwood, mahogany, and other furniture forests. Most tropical woods were non greatly disturbed, nevertheless. This state of affairs has changed, and a broad assortment of forests antecedently considered worthless are used for mush, hardboard, and fibreboard or as cellulose for plastics production. With new machines and better transit, it has become profitable to take trees from antecedently remote countries and to transport logs, bolts, wood french friess, or other partly processed stuffs to foreign markets. Faced with a high demand for their wood merchandises, most developing states have been willing to subscribe over lumber rights to foreign companies, trusting thereby to increase their national incomes and to progress the general stuff public assistance of their people. Unfortunately, most of these lumbers contracts contain few or no commissariats for preservation. Forest industries that have first-class direction and preservation records in their place states behave otherwise in other lands. Great countries of tropical wood have been laid waste, dirts bared to erosion, and the wildlife within them destroyed. Because no Torahs are violated in either the exploited or the place state, there is no effectual damages. General international understandings regulating the preservation of such living resources would supply an reply to this job, but they are improbable to be implemented in clip to forestall the desolation of big countries of the tropical universe.Global Climatic Chan geClimate alteration is likely to hold considerable impacts on most or all ecosystems. The distribution forms of many species and communities are determined to a big portion by climatic parametric quantities, nevertheless, the responses to alterations in these parametric quantities are seldom simple.A At the simplest degree, altering forms of clime will alter the natural distribution bounds for species or communities. In the absence of barriers it may be possible for species or communities to migrate in response to altering conditions. Vegetation zones may travel towards higher latitudes or higher heights following displacements in mean temperatures. Motions will be more marked at higher latitudes where temperatures are expected to lift more than near the equator. In the mid-latitude parts ( 45 to 60 ° ) , for illustration, present temperature zones could switch by 150 A ­ 550 km.A In most instances natural or semisynthetic barriers will impact the natural motion of species or communities. Arctic tundra and alpine hayfields may go squeezed by the natural constellation of the landscape, while these and many other natural systems may be farther confined by human land-use forms. Many national Parkss and protected countries are now surrounded by urban and agricultural landscapes which will forestall the simple migration of species beyond their boundaries.A Rainfall and drouth will besides be of critical importance. Extreme implosion therapy will hold deductions for big countries, particularly riverine and valley ecosystems. Increasing drouth and desertification may happen in tropical and sub-tropical zones, and at least one theoretical account has predicted a drying out of big parts of the Amazon.A Ratess of alteration will besides be of import, and these will change at regional and even local degrees. The maximal rates of spread for some sedentary species, including big tree-species may be slower than the predicted rates of alteration in climatic conditions. In many instances farther complications will originate from the complexness of species interactions and differential sensitivenesss to altering conditions between species. Certain species may quickly accommodate to new conditions and may move in competition with others.A Changes in seasons are already being noticed in many temperate parts. Birdsong is being reported earlier and spring flowers are emerging when it was one time winter. In agricultural landscapes alterations in the length of turning seasons may better productiveness in mid-latitudes and increase the possible for cultivable harvests at high latitudes.A Negative impacts may include increased scopes of insect plagues and diseases, and failure of harvests in some parts from drouth or implosion therapy. On the comparatively narrow home grounds of the coastal borders, particularly where these are backed by countries of intense human usage, lifting sea degrees may take to the squashing out of of import coastal habitats.A Rising sea temperatures will farther impact the distribution and endurance of peculiar marine resources. Corals have already shown an highly high sensitiveness to minor additions in temperature, while other surveies have shown dramatic alterations in the distribution and endurance of the Pacific salmon in the late 1990s.A In add-on to doing a warming consequence, increased concentrations of atmospheric C dioxide are known increase rates of photosynthesis in many workss, every bit good as bettering H2O usage efficiency. In this manner the clime alterations may increase growing rates in some natural and agricultural communities.DesertificationAbout 3,6 billion of the universe ‘s 5.2 billion hectares of utile dryland for agribusiness has suffered eroding and dirt debasement. In more than 100 states, 1 billion of the 6 billion universe population is affected by desertification, coercing people to go forth their farms for occupations in the metropoliss. Desertification takes topographic point in dryland countries where the Earth is particularly delicate, where rainfall is nil and the clime harsh. The consequence is the devastation of surface soil followed by loss of the land ‘s ability to prolong harvests, farm animal or human activity. The economic impact is awful, with a loss of more than $ 40 billion per twelvemonth in agricultural goods and an addition in agricultural monetary values. Climatic alterations can trip the desertification procedure, but human activities often are the proximate cause. Overcultivation exhausts the dirt. Deforestation removes trees that hold the dirt to the land. Overgrazing of farm animal strips the land of grasses. Harmonizing to a UN survey, approximately 30 % of Earth ‘s land – including the 70 % of dryland – is affected by drouth. Every twenty-four hours, approximately 33,000 people starve to decease. Desertification create conditions that intensify wildfires and stirring air currents, adding to the enormous force per unit area to Earth ‘s most cherished resource, H2O, and, of class, the animate beings dependant on it. Harmonizing to the World Wide Fund for Nature, the universe lost about 30 % of its natural wealth between 1970 and 1995. Dust from comeuppances and drylands are blown into metropoliss around the universe. Dust from Africa reaches Europe through the Pasat air current, and even reaches US metropoliss. Dust atoms, which are less than 2,5 millionths of a meter in size, are inhaled, doing wellness jobs and have been shown to hike decease rates.Environmental pollutionEnvironmental pollution or pollution is the add-on of any substance ( foods ) or signifier of energy ( e.g. , heat, sound, radiation ) to the environment at a rate faster than the environment can suit it by scattering, dislocation, recycling, or storage in some harmless signifier. A pollutant demand non be harmful in itself. Carbon dioxide, for illustration, is a normal constituent of the ambiance and a byproduct of respiration that is found in all carnal tissues ; yet in a concentrated signifier it can kill animate beings. Human sewerage can be a utile fertiliser, but when concentrated excessively extremely it becomes a serious pollutant, endan gering wellness and doing the depletion of O in organic structures of H2O. By contrast, radiation in any measure is harmful to life, despite the fact that it occurs usually in the environment as alleged background radiation. Pollution has accompanied mankind of all time since groups of people foremost congregated and remained for a long clip in any one topographic point. Crude human colonies can be recognized by their pollutants — blast hills and rubble tonss. But pollution was non a serious job every bit long as there was adequate infinite available for each person or group. With the constitution of lasting human colonies by great Numberss of people, nevertheless, pollution became a job and has remained one of all time since. Cities of ancient times were frequently noxious topographic points, fouled by human wastes and dust. In the Middle Ages, insanitary urban conditions favoured the eruption of population-decimating epidemics. During the nineteenth century, H2O and air pollution and the accretion of solid wastes were mostly the jobs of merely a few big metropoliss. But, with the rise of advanced engineering and with the rapid spread of industrialisation and the attendant addition in human popul ations to unprecedented degrees, pollution has become a cosmopolitan job. Of all the pollutants released into the environment every twelvemonth by human activity, Persistent Organic Pollutants or POPs are among the most unsafe. They are extremely toxic, doing an array of inauspicious effects, notably decease, disease, and birth defects, among worlds and animate beings. Specific effects can include malignant neoplastic disease, allergic reactions and hypersensitivity, harm to the cardinal and peripheral nervous systems, generative upsets, and break of the immune system. These extremely stable compounds can last for old ages or decennaries before interrupting down. POPs released in one portion of the universe can, through a repeated and frequently seasonal procedure of vaporization, sedimentation, vaporization, sedimentation, be transported through the ambiance to parts far off from the original beginning. In add-on, POPs dressed ore in life beings through another procedure called bioaccumulation. Though non soluble in H2O, POPs are readily absorbed in fatty tissue, where concentrations can go magnified by up to 70,000 times the background degrees. Fish, predatory birds, mammals, and worlds are high up the nutrient concatenation and so absorb the greatest concentrations.Depletion of the Ozone LayerScientists besides fear that the ozonosphere ( or ozone bed of the ambiance ) is being depleted by the chemical action of CFCs emitted from aerosol tins and iceboxs and by pollutants from projectiles and supersonic aircraft. Depletion of the ozone bed, which absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the Sun, would hold serious effects on life beings on the Earth ‘s surface, including increasing frequence of skin malignant neoplastic disease among worlds.Acid RainAnother climatic consequence of pollution is acerb rain. The phenomenon occurs when sulfur dioxide and N oxides from the combustion of fossil fuels combine with H2O vapor in the ambiance. The ensuing precipitation is damaging to H2O, wood, and dirt resources. It is blamed for the disap pearing of fish from many lakes in the Adirondacks, for the widespread decease of woods in European mountains, and for damaging tree growing in the United States and Canada. Reports besides indicate that it can eat edifices and be risky to human wellness. Because the contaminations are carried long distances, the beginnings of acid rain are hard to nail and therefore hard to command. Acid rain has been reported in countries as far apart as Sweden and Canada. The drifting of pollutants doing acid rain across international boundaries has created dissensions between Canada and the United States and among European states over the causes and solutions of the precipitation. The international range of the job has led to the sign language of international understandings on the restriction of S and N oxide emanations.Eutrophication and OligotrophicationFreshwater ecosystems go through eutrophication or oligotrophication. Eutrophication is an aging procedure in the life rhythm of a lake, pool or decelerate traveling watercourse. When this occurs a batch of dead organic affair settees at the underside of the H2O. It all decomposes and signifiers an evergrowing bed of silt. This can take many thousand old ages to finish. The other aging procedure is known as oligotropication. This is a the entire antonym of eutrophication, it is alimentary hapless. Lakes face to basic sorts of environmental jobs which are: menaces to H2O quality and the impairment of shoreland. Pollution by industries, transportation and hapless agricultural patterns have led to toxic condition of the H2O. Besides changes in temperature lead to accelerated eutrophication. Eutrophication is an overload of different foods in the H2O which put an inordinate demand on the O content of the H2O, ensuing in the chemical-biological decease of a lake. Some of the universe ‘s major lakes presently suffer from such jobs. The effects of pollution on land ( and in H2O ) are to favor small-bodied, quickly reproducing beings that do non depend on complex nutrient webs. The procedure of simplification and poverty is now planetary and affects tellurian and aquatic communities likewise. It is the continuously spread outing consequence of chronic invasions on natural systems by human influences. The poverty threatens all life because it reduces consistently the capacity of the Earth to back up workss. The writers of Foods in European Ecosystems say natural lakes, unreal reservoirs, rivers, coastal Marine Waterss and tellurian ecosystems are all affected to changing grades of badness by alimentary surpluss. In most instances, the harm varies merely by geographic part. Many reservoirs functioning indispensable utilizations such as public H2O supplies and irrigation are among the most affected by eutrophication because they are, of necessity, located near to countries of intense human activity. The study says eutrophication is a major issue in still H2O environments but, even after decennaries of scientific research, there are really few monitoring programmes in being. In rivers, the most widespread pollutant in geographic footings is P, which consequences in the development of big measures of seasonal works growing, taking to other types of impact such as flustered O and pH rhythms, organic pollution and monolithic growing of toxic algae. The study besides confirms that extra ammonium is present in many rivers. Excessive degrees of nitrates, observed in many old surveies, represent a widespread debasement of river H2O and, locally, nitrate concentrations may forestall human utilizations of H2O. In coastal Marine Waterss, the frequence and geographic extent of eutrophication phenomena are increasing, even in marine countries antecedently believed to be unaffected. In tellurian ecosystems, alimentary impacts appear to be serious because of the uncertainness of recovery of the land-based systems, taking to losingss of species and ecosystems. The application of alimentary decrease policies is patchy, says the study. But the writers found it hard to measure the effectivity of these policies because of the general scarceness of informations refering primary causes, emanations and the position of ecosystems. All the necessary datasets are non available at European or national degree, and do non even exist at all in some states. It was merely possible to obtain a little fraction of the bing informations, and this fraction was deficient to bring forth a full appraisal.Commercial trade of works and animate being speciesCommercial trade of life animate beings and workss every bit good as in the merchandises derived from them is besides a terrible menace to biodiversity. Demands by affluent states for certain animate being and works merchandises create peculiarly terrible jobs in less flush states. The trade in endangered species of wildlife is exemplifying. The demand for pelts and teguments of rare carnal species is unnaturally created in the manner Centres of the universe. Monetary values paid by affluent people for these points in flush states exceed the lifetime income of most people in the states from which the leopards, crocodiles, Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams, and other wild species come. Poachers go to great lengths to obtain these animate beings wherever they can be found, including inside national Parkss and militias. Because effectual policing is virtually impossible, legal and illegal trade in wildlife Begin to overlap, and both become steadfastly established. Exporters of wild animate beings and their merchandises are the terminal links of profitable concern ironss that include far greater Numberss of huntsmans and trappers in distant countries. Furthermore, for each animate being or tegument that reaches a foreign market, many more are destroyed in hunting, caparison, and transporting.Introductions of non-native ( foreign ) speciesA major subscriber to depletion and extinction, 2nd merel y to habitat loss, is the debut of species into new environments. These transplanted signifiers are called exotics. Every debut of alien species that become established consequences in alterations to the having ecosystem. Unfortunately, most of the ascertained effects have been damaging and irreparable by displacing native species, and changing trophic degree construction. Introduced species frequently prey on many parts of an already established nutrient web or compete with autochthonal species for resources such as nutrient or infinite. Without any natural marauders, encroachers can endanger or even extinguish autochthonal species. They besides carry with them the menace of new diseases which can destruct vulnerable native dwellers. In some countries, native species are on the threshold of extinction due to the debut of an alien species. Speciess have sometimes invaded new home grounds of course ( e.g. when land Bridgess have become established ) but human geographic expedition and colonisation has dramatically increased the spread of alien species. Whenever adult male has settled far off from place, he has tried to present his familiar animate beings and workss. Many other species ( e.g. rats ) have been by chance transported around the universe. The first instances were from European adventurers, who frequently released caprine animals and hogs so that later colonisers had an abundant beginning of familiar carnal protein, and colonisers so brought more of the same. Some of our most abundant wild animate beings and workss, particularly those that do good in urban or disturbed countries, are introduced species that have become established. For illustration, the starling, cabbage-white butterfly, eucalyptus tree, mustard, many grasses, etc. Most insect and works plagues are alien species. It is estimated that at least 4,000 alien works and 2,300 alien animate being species are now established in the United States. Many exotics have black effects on native vegetations and zoologies. They frequently leave behind the factors that have evolved with them and that control their population and spread. In their new home ground there may be fewer marauders or diseases, so their populations grow out of control. Prey beings may non hold evolved defence mechanisms and native species may non vie successfully for infinite or nutrient, so are frequently pushed to extinction. Since alien species are self-perpetuating, they can hold permanency unmatched by other menaces to biodiversity including overuse and habitat loss. Exotics are a factor lending to the endangered or threatened position of 42 % of animate beings and workss on the U.S. endangered species list. The spread of exotics replaces healthy, diverse ecosystems with biologically impoverished, homogenous landscapes. For illustration, topographic points with a Mediterranean clime in southern Australia, the U.S. west seashore, Chile and South Africa antecedently had few works species in common ( although they did demo many illustrations of convergent development, taking to similar landscapes ) . They now portion 100s of weedy alien species, chiefly from the Mediterranean part.Familial technologyThe term familial technology ab initio meant any of a broad scope of techniques for the alteration or use of beings through the procedures of heredity and reproduction. As such, the term embraced both unreal choice and all the intercessions of biomedical techniques, among them unreal insemination, in vitro fertilisation ( e.g. , â€Å" test-tube † babes ) , sperm Bankss, cloning, and cistron use. But the term now denotes the narrower field of recombinant DNA engineering, or cistron clonin g, in which DNA molecules from two or more beginnings are combined either within cells or in vitro and are so inserted into host beings in which they are able to propagate. Genetic technology has advanced the apprehension of many theoretical and practical facets of cistron map and organisation. Through recombinant DNA techniques, bacteriums have been created that are capable of synthesising human insulin, human growing endocrine, alpha interferon, a hepatitis B vaccinum, and other medically utile substances. Plants may be genetically adjusted to enable them to repair N, and familial diseases can perchance be corrected by replacing â€Å" bad † cistrons with â€Å" normal † 1s. Nevertheless, particular concern has been focused on such accomplishments for fright that they might ensue in the debut of unfavorable and perchance unsafe traits into ( micro ) organisms that were antecedently free of them — e.g. , opposition to antibiotics, production of toxins, or a inclination to do disease ( De Valk, 2005 ) .

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

courts as legislators essays

courts as legislators essays The purpose of this paper is to show that although not originally intended to, some our modern day courts in the United States have in essence become legislators. I will give a brief overview of the history of courts and site some cases where the decisions handed down or the opinions of the court have set precedent in the way the law is understood and enforced. As long as man has been on this earth there have been conflicts or disputes that needed to be resolved by a third party. By definition, a court is a.) a place where legal justice is administered b.) a judicial tribunal duly constituted for the hearing and determination of cases. The recognized existence of even primitive courts implies a relatively high degree of social organization and the need for systematic resolution of disputes based on established customs and rules of conduct. Courts have been set up to hear disputes between two or more parties. In medieval European history a Curiae was a court, or group of persons, who attended to a ruler at any given time for disputes of social, political or judicial purposes were resolved. It's composition and functions varied considerably from time to time and from country to country during a period when executive, legislative and judicial functions were not as distinct as they were later to become. The ruler and the curia made al l policy and decisions either great or small and if the ruler was a powerful one, were as active as a modern day court of law. The curia of England underwent an evolution from the medieval curiae. It was known as Curia Regis, which was introduced at the time of the Norman Conquest (1066) and lasted until the end of the 13th century. The Curia Regis was the start that the higher courts of law, the Privy Council and the Cabinet, evolved from. About the same time, the Curia undertook financial duties. The members were called "justices" and in the king's absence presided over the court. In 1178,...

Monday, October 21, 2019

Earthsong vs The Makers-Book Comparison essays

Earthsong vs The Makers-Book Comparison essays Good Morning ladies and gentlemen, the nominees for Book Award in Literature are The Makers by Victor Kelleher and the Earthsong also by Victor Kelleher. Without further adieu, the winner of this prestigious award for this year is The Makers. Let me tell you how the panel of judges including myself came to the conclusion that The Makers is a more compelling read over Earthsong. Firstly, The Makers has the setting of The Keep; a huge stone fortress in the middle of the desert and the old city, the ruins of a city that is deserted and that only contains vermin. These settings are interesting and seem to have an element of evil that is exciting. While Earthsong has many settings, the snow, the desert, the jungle, and it goes on. We found that these settings were boring and too normal. Even though the animals had evolved it was just too familiar for science fiction. The next thing we compared were characters. Jeth and Rae in The Makers were adventurous, always fighting for their freedom and their cause. On the other hand, Anna and Joe in Earthsong were not thinking for themselves, Walter, the spaceship, made all their decisions, which is bad. Language in both books was taken into account. The Makers used advanced language and sometimes were too descriptive, but it helped describe the settings and gave the reader a better visualization of the book. Earthsong is an easier read but is overly descriptive in some areas. We found Walters garbled speech annoying and it slowed the book down. Lastly we looked at each of the books plots. The Makers was exciting, powerful and adventurous. While the Earthsong was just too predictable, the characters just came along for the ride with Walter. Therefore, it was clear to us that The Makers is the winner. ...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

29 Improv Opening Lines to Try

29 Improv Opening Lines to Try Here are 29 opening lines- improv starters- to get two-person improvisations jump-started. Each line is created to give the student actors a sense of the characters and setting for an improvised scene. Directions: Print this page and cut the paper into strips- one line per strip.Put the strips into a â€Å"hat†- a container.Assemble student actors into groups of two scene partners.Explain that one student actor per pair will pick a slip that has an opening line printed on it. That student actor will need to read and memorize the opening line, but will not reveal the line to his or her scene partner- yet. This line will be the first line spoken in the pair’s improv.Have one member of each pair pick a line out of the hat and memorize it.Remind student actors of the classroom improvisation guidelines.Have each pair present their improv.Hold a brief reflection on each improv- â€Å"What can you praise?† â€Å"What might they polish?† Opening Lines Excuse me, ma’am. I need to return this shirt for a refund.Miss, I am afraid I did not order a hot dog for dinner.Look, I know you hate this, but we need at least one good photo of you.So, Jordan, please explain why Paul’s homework was in your backpack.Officer, please, no! Don’t give me a speeding ticket!Do you think Mother would like this crown or the silver one?Oh! It is such an honor to meet you! Could I get your autograph for my daughter?Sir, your suitcase will not fit in the overhead bin.I think our cheer needs a better jump and some words that rhyme with team.Ladies and Gentlemen, please welcome today’s guest- Pat Perkins- an expert on how to organize your desk!Look, my muscles are killing me! Can’t we take a break from this workout?Just rip the paper off! I can’t wait for you to see this totally unique gift!Excuse me, ma’am. Is that dinosaur skeleton real or is it just a model?Well, this is what we’ve been training for- t he Olympics! Are you ready to earn that gold medal?I think these shoes make my feet look far too big. Please get me a different pair. Ugh! All the other parents let their kids see PG-13 movies! You’ve just got to let me go!All you have to do is step-kick-step-kick-step-kick. Now try it with me.Behind us is the U.S. Capitol Building, and over there, you’ll see the Washington Monument.It’s just a little tattoo on my arm! Dad has one! I don’t see why you are so upset!Mr. Higgins, please tell our viewers how you plan to spend your lottery winnings!I understand you were an eyewitness to the skateboard theft. Please tell our viewers what you saw.Oh, I am so sorry, but pumpkin spice latte season ended yesterday! What other drink can I get you?Did you honestly think that a trail of breadcrumbs would help us find our way out of the forest and back to our house?Stop right there. You are not leaving this house dressed like that!Halt right there! You are not leaving this palace dressed like that!Your teacher tells me that your classroom behavior is inappropriate. What is your side of the story?I am so sorry, but your credit card has been declined. I’ll need another form of payment. O  woe! O pity! There is no way we shall ever reach the castle by dark!Ew! I thought you said you could cook!

Saturday, October 19, 2019

British Education System Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

British Education System - Case Study Example A brief analysis on each of these issues is discussed below. The curriculum followed in the British universities is either national curriculum or hidden curriculum. Most of the university does not follow the national curriculum. Instead they prefer the hidden curriculum, which they design according to their wish. They do not consult the other universities and decide on preparing own curriculum. In some colleges, hidden curriculum works out not too well. This is an important issue because the pattern of study entirely changes from one university to another university. This posses some sort of difficulty to the students. It is better to maintain a single curriculum throughout the state. It will be an advantage to the students instead of having separate curriculum for individual colleges. (Woods 1996).Hidden curriculum does not cater the needs of all groups of students. Instead it concentrates only on a particular sector of students. The difference may be based on ethnicity, race or the status of the student. A curriculum should be common to all the students. It should be unbiased. But in the existing British Education system there is a lot of difference among the class of people. Each of them is treated differently. Education is common to all and hence the universities must follow the same procedure. The national curriculum will work out effectively as the students of all the universities will follow the same syllabus. Hidden curriculum will lead to certain problems among the students. As it is not common to all, each of them will have a difficulty in learning it.(Davies 2000). Another problem in hidden curriculum is, the teaching will be different for each group of students, as the curriculum is different. This needs more number of teachers to be trained in specific subjects. This will enhance the teacher student relationship as only a minimal number of students will be assigned to a particular teacher. One advantage is there will be individual attention for all the students. The value of education is more and it is the basic defining criteria for any curriculum. Hidden curriculum is mainly followed in schools and they are based on the type of school. National curriculum should be enforced by the government and this will avoid the unnecessary problems between the universities. Primary and middle level education does not face much of a problem. (Lempp, Seale 2004).But the problem starts in Higher education. As the schools are separately maintained for each type of curriculum, there is no problem for the students in selecting the course and type of school they prefer. Once a child finishes schooling and starts his higher education, the situation becomes different. Universities do not concentrate much on the student's selection. They specify the courses and curriculum available and it depends on the student to select whatever they wish. In some states there is difference of status and schools and colleges are decided based on their students. Some schools that are under the control of government follow a different strategy when compared to the private institutions. There are institutions that provide education to students who cannot afford to pay their fees. These institutions are run by the government. Private educational institutions provide education

Friday, October 18, 2019

HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 10

HRM - Essay Example Steve Jobs once said about the importance of human resource that, â€Å"There is no strong link between innovation and spending on R&D. When IBM was spending at least a 100 times more on R&D, the same time when Apple came up with Big Mac and outclassed its competitors. It is not about the money and it is not about the how many R&D dollars you are spending but is about the people you have, how they are led and how much you are able to get out of them† (Cardy & Leonard, 2011, p. 22-23). Due to the increasing competitive pressures in the business world, businesses now understand the value and importance of their human assets or resources because when other resources that appear on the balance sheet of the company, make things â€Å"possible†, human resource of any organisation make things â€Å"happen† (Torrington, et al., 2007, pp. 96-98). Therefore, the fact is that today, when information technology and globalisation has made it possible for companies to imitate, product, pricing, promotion, distribution, manufacturing, supply chain, sales and other strategies employed by any organisation, a talented, skilled and motivated human resource appears to be providing a much need sustainable competitive advantage (Foot & Hook, 2008, p. 96). Recruitment and Selection First things first, the HR director of the medical institution needs to play close attention on the recruitment and selection process of the nurses because one cannot expect much from the employees if the organisation has failed to put the right people on the right jobs.

The China Threat and US Security Research Paper

The China Threat and US Security - Research Paper Example The China threat to the United States has emerged as a result of the United States military support and cooperation to Taiwan and Japan. This sends a message of a stronger military coalition in the region that pose a threat to China, therefore giving room for the development and deployment of a stronger force by the communist republic of China combined with provocative and warning sentiments on the issue (Gertz, 2002, p.8) The China Threat to US security is evolved from the actions of the United States further to the initial 1999 attack of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade and another military build-up along the Chinese border in cooperation with Japan (Gertz, 2002, p.1). The China Threat to US Security is substantial due to the various public statements and report in China that openly oppose the mono-polarity and hegemony of the US in terms of military and economy. Hence China has declared a limited war in the case of a military invasion from the US to support Taiwan (Gertz, 2002, p.9). China has called for its people to follow the thought of Deng Xiaoping and Mao Zedong while moving forward to achieve the goals of China. The Chinese government requires its people to follow the values of social modernization and socialist reform to open up new horizons of prosperity and development. The Chinese leadership appeals to its people to work towards economic globalization and political multi-polarity at the turn of the century. The word multi-polarity is intended to overcome the mono-polarity of the United States and its position as a superpower of the world. The unfriendliness of China towards the US is further clear from the various reports and statements published in the Chinese media (Gertz 2002 p.10).

HR Linkage Model - Part II Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HR Linkage Model - Part II - Assignment Example organization can be said to be dependent on the factors stated above, the human resource function of the organization should always be given priority attention when it comes to the demonstration of strategic value. The basis for this assertion is that all the other components of organizational growth are not run automatically but by employees who are expected to have the right form of training and competence (Schneider, 2006). I have always believed in using lean thinking in achieving organizational growth, and even though you do not make specific reference to this concept, I find that that is what your input is trying to arrive at. This is because according to Lawler, Jamrog & Boudreau (2011), it is when lean thinking is applied by organizations that the cost of production can be reduced without losing efficiency and productivity. Having said this, I support your position very strongly that there ought to be a form of cost balancing within your organization in order to improve productivity. Even though you make reference to the use of HR scorecard, I would like to ask if you have really considered the factors that can help employees develop their skills and talent in order to score highly on the scorecard. I would agree with Becker, Huselid & Ulrich (2001) that continuous training and development is necessary in ensuring that employees are well placed to ensure that they deliver

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Hank williams Sr Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hank williams Sr - Essay Example He befriended music from the very start and the guitar given to him by his mother when he was eight years old, became his lifeline. Williams' childhood friend Rufus Payne (aka Tee Tot) taught him how to play the guitar and sing the blues. Hank Williams' home (now Hank Williams' Boyhood Home & Museum), surroundings and the initial hard family times influenced the style of his songs. Willing to take music as a career, Williams began performing around the Georgiana and Greenville areas of Alabama in his early teens. Forming a local band in Montgomery called the Drifting Cowboys, they became quite popular and the local radio station played their music regularly. Singing songs of the famous artists and his idol, Roy Acuff, the radio station dubbed him the Singing Kid. Lillie became the temporary manager for Williams and collected gate money, contracted and negotiated for gigs. Looking at the face of stardom, Williams contracted with alcoholism and turned intoxicated for his radio shows and eventually got fired due to his "habitual drunkenness". Audrey Mae Sheppard became Williams' manager and short time later in 1943, his wife. Although at the time Williams was a local hero, but he couldn't make it to big names yet. To get further in the limelight, the couple toured Nashville to meet with a songwriter/music publisher Fred Rose who was one of the heads of Acuff-Rose Publishing. Rose instantaneously liked Williams' songs and recorded two sessions for Sterling Records. This resulted in two singles, both hits. Seeing the success and potential in him, MGM Records signed a contract with him in early in 1947 and Rose became the Williams' manager and record producer. His first single with MGM, 'Move It On Over,' was instant hit and rose to the country Top Five charts. Songs released in 1948 like 'Honky Tonkin' and 'I'm a Long Gone Daddy' peaked in the charts too. Another huge success came in early in 1949 with 'Lovesick Blues,' which remained at number one for 16 weeks and crossing over into the pop Top 25. This song was performed at Grand Ole Opry and received a record six encores from the crowds. During this time, Williams and Audrey had their first child, Randall Hank in 1949. Soon afterwards, Williams gathered the guitarist Bob McNett, bassist Hillous Butrum, fiddler Jerry Rivers, and steel guitarist Don Helms to perform the most acclaimed versions of Drifting Cowboys. He and his band were earning handsomely and most of their shoes were sold out. In the early 1950s Williams made at least seven hits and most of them made it to the Top Five Charts. During these years, a different side of Hank Williams came to be known. He started to record some religious and spiritual records under the name of Luke the Drifter. The change of name was due to the fact that he thought that the dick jockeys and jukebox operators would not play his non-traditional songs and there spiritual songs would hurt his reputation as a country musician. Although the name was chosen to hide his identity, he couldn't cloak his voice. The next year Williams came back with more of the hits to please his fans. H e started taking parts in television shows and package tours to market him further. The music was going great with most songs of 1951 entering the top

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Cultural Beliefs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cultural Beliefs - Essay Example This paper describes the perceptions in the PEN and how affects the sub-African Saharans behavior regarding their health problems. Cultural Beliefs Culture is a set of rules and beliefs, traditions among other things like art and religion, that is shared by a society. It is where values and behavior is rooted and it is therefore enough to influence perception, judgment, and of course, behavior. AIDS is one of the prevalent diseases in the Sub-Saharan Africa with the rate of 6.1%. It is in fact, one of the worst diseases in the continent, affecting 22.5 million people (HIV positive). AIDS is caused sexually, and sexual practices are behavioral. Since behavior is cultural, it is therefore logical to conclude that one can actually control certain behaviors through culture. In this case, the PEN-3 model, which was created to address and integrate culture in the development, implementation and evaluation of health programs. The PEN-3 model is composed of three domains. These three domains are also composed of another 3 sections each. The three domains are: cultural identity, relationships and expectations and culture and empowerment. Culture and empowerment is a domain that is composed of three more factors which are positive, existential and negative perceptions. They represent all the good and bad facets of culture, hence the positive and negative perceptions.

Hank williams Sr Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hank williams Sr - Essay Example He befriended music from the very start and the guitar given to him by his mother when he was eight years old, became his lifeline. Williams' childhood friend Rufus Payne (aka Tee Tot) taught him how to play the guitar and sing the blues. Hank Williams' home (now Hank Williams' Boyhood Home & Museum), surroundings and the initial hard family times influenced the style of his songs. Willing to take music as a career, Williams began performing around the Georgiana and Greenville areas of Alabama in his early teens. Forming a local band in Montgomery called the Drifting Cowboys, they became quite popular and the local radio station played their music regularly. Singing songs of the famous artists and his idol, Roy Acuff, the radio station dubbed him the Singing Kid. Lillie became the temporary manager for Williams and collected gate money, contracted and negotiated for gigs. Looking at the face of stardom, Williams contracted with alcoholism and turned intoxicated for his radio shows and eventually got fired due to his "habitual drunkenness". Audrey Mae Sheppard became Williams' manager and short time later in 1943, his wife. Although at the time Williams was a local hero, but he couldn't make it to big names yet. To get further in the limelight, the couple toured Nashville to meet with a songwriter/music publisher Fred Rose who was one of the heads of Acuff-Rose Publishing. Rose instantaneously liked Williams' songs and recorded two sessions for Sterling Records. This resulted in two singles, both hits. Seeing the success and potential in him, MGM Records signed a contract with him in early in 1947 and Rose became the Williams' manager and record producer. His first single with MGM, 'Move It On Over,' was instant hit and rose to the country Top Five charts. Songs released in 1948 like 'Honky Tonkin' and 'I'm a Long Gone Daddy' peaked in the charts too. Another huge success came in early in 1949 with 'Lovesick Blues,' which remained at number one for 16 weeks and crossing over into the pop Top 25. This song was performed at Grand Ole Opry and received a record six encores from the crowds. During this time, Williams and Audrey had their first child, Randall Hank in 1949. Soon afterwards, Williams gathered the guitarist Bob McNett, bassist Hillous Butrum, fiddler Jerry Rivers, and steel guitarist Don Helms to perform the most acclaimed versions of Drifting Cowboys. He and his band were earning handsomely and most of their shoes were sold out. In the early 1950s Williams made at least seven hits and most of them made it to the Top Five Charts. During these years, a different side of Hank Williams came to be known. He started to record some religious and spiritual records under the name of Luke the Drifter. The change of name was due to the fact that he thought that the dick jockeys and jukebox operators would not play his non-traditional songs and there spiritual songs would hurt his reputation as a country musician. Although the name was chosen to hide his identity, he couldn't cloak his voice. The next year Williams came back with more of the hits to please his fans. H e started taking parts in television shows and package tours to market him further. The music was going great with most songs of 1951 entering the top

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Cultural Industries and Globalisation Essay Example for Free

Cultural Industries and Globalisation Essay This essay will aim to include my understanding and perception of the cultural industries, how it developed into the creative industries and how globalisation has impacted this sector through looking specifically at exampled from Sheffield. Originating from the 1940s the Cultural Industries was known as The cultural Industry taken from a book written by Adorno and Horkheimer called Dialektik der Aufklarung from the chapter Dialect of Enlightenment. They thought of the Creative Industry as art with special, exceptional forms of Human creativity (Hesmondhalgh 2007). By the late 1960s the Cultural Industry became comodified and was intertwining with other industries such as film, television and music as these were socially popular, the cultural Industry was re-named The Cultural Industries. Through new service industry growth and new labour, the Cultural Industries was turned into The Creative Industries in the 1990s and is still known as this in current society. The creative Industries are those Industries that are based on individual creativity, skill and talent (DCMS). These creative industries include 13 categories: Advertising, architecture, arts and antiques, computer and video games, crafts, design, designer fashion, film, and video, music, performing arts, publishing, software, TV and Radio. From when the cultural/ creative industries were first produced they have achieved huge industry growth rates for example: between 1997 and 2001 the UKs creative industries grew by 8% per annum, with the most popular sector being TV and Radio and around about 122,000 organisations traded in the creative Industries since 1997( Montgomery, J 2007). This service Industry growth is mainly down to Globalisation which is defined as the world becoming more interdependent and integrated (Moynagh and Worsely, 2008). Globalisation links with economic power and consumption for mass markets and making them become global. They do this by customizing products, making them innovative and unique, and by using sub-contractors hope to get the products known globally. For example; in the fashion industry a designer will create a product that they want to produce globally to a specific target market, once they have created the product they will need to manufacture the product, ship the product and make it available for a global market to purchase. They will do this by having products made in countries such as Turkey or China as this method is cheaper and quicker, and have it shipped over to other companies to make it global. Through the virtual innovations such as the internet, and communication systems, the product can be marketed globally. Globalisation also involves the global integration of production factors and services. ‘National industries ‘selling abroad are increasingly giving way to the organisation of production and distribution on a global scale, sourcing materials, labour, services etc. across borders with little or no attachment to particular places (Brown et al 2000). There are many Pros and Cons regarding Globalisation, due to its features and tensions. Globalisation features; to name a few include aspects such as transportation and distribution: getting the goods to the destination from the manufacturers as quick as possible, Growth of Cities: Many Cities are moving from rural areas to urban areas through the growth of industries and trade, Free trade: to allow companies to trade without government barriers or trade policy, Multi Nationals: Different nationality companies will be working along side one another in one country and Global Culture: the development of standardisation and the idea that everything will start to look ad feel the same. Although this means that buying and selling overseas will become more integrated and connected through fast distribution and manufacturing, it also creates problems known as tensions of globalisation. A few of these tensions are; Poverty: Globalisation may mean that in poorer countries there are increases in sweat shops where poorer people are made to work long hours top help manufacture products to help the fast trade of Globalisation. In poor Asian economies, such as Bangladesh, Vietnam and Cambodia, large numbers of women now have work in garment export factories. Their wages are low by world standards but much higher than they would earn in alternative occupations (Bardhan, P 2006). Economic Growth: many traders have fled poorer countries in order to gain more trade in multi-national, urban areas. Oligopoly: There will no longer be one current market brand leader, as everything will be integrated and manufactured the same, causing competition in market brands. Global vs. Local: The idea that local economies will be decreasing through products no longer being unique, through the speed of communication, how fast the brand becomes global. An article by Shah, A 2009 says: Following a period of economic boom, a financial bubble—global in scope—has now burst. The extent of this problem has been so severe that some of the world’s largest financial institutions have collapsed and local manufactures have been bought out by their competition at low prices. This demonstrates the impact that globalization has had on small businesses and how competition between organizations is becoming increasingly tougher. These features and tensions need to be considered in order to gain an understanding of the impacts of Globalisation and the positive and negative points that need to be considered in terms of the struggling economies and inequalities that may occur in parts of the world. Globalisation also works off economic, political, social, cultural and environmental aspects and entails better communication; through social networking sites, developing relationships; through computer and internet innovations which link people together, and the decline in human contact; people are no longer conducting meetings as they can have video conferencing with people on the other side of the world. One example of a globalised cultural Industry in the UK would be The Stonehenge, a World Heritage Site which is known as a place for worship and healing. This tourist attraction sees thousands of visitors pass it every year, visiting from all over the world. The world Heritage sites include The great Barrier Reef, Great Wall of China, Galapagos Islands and many more, their missions include is to promote public awareness of the sites and encourage international cooperation in the conservation of the World heritage sites (unesco. rg). After looking into globalisation; its positive and negative aspects in gaining a deeper understanding of the subject, I can now establish an understanding of how globalisation has impacted Sheffields Cultural Industries and weigh up affects it may have had on this industry. The growth of the Cultural Industries meant that in the UK a huge amount of employment was generated, which was extremely beneficial to Sheffield as it meant that 7. 2% of people were working for the creative Industries, this ame at a good time following the collapse of the steel industry after Britain let a failed trip to Japan to buy machinery to cater for the Steel industry needs. After a strike from the workers the Steel Industry closed in Sheffield and meant a loss of 50,000 jobs were incurred. Today in the Sheffield region of South Yorkshire, the Cultural Industries employment rates are above 20% of the average employment, rating above hotels and catering, and below the retail and education industries. It is continuing to expand through the Cultural Industries Quarter located in the city centre which contains BBC Radio Sheffield, Sheffield Hallam University, Perishable Works, and Exchange works. A quote from a BBC News report 2006 shows: All very much in keeping with the new Sheffield. The area near the train station has been re-dubbed the cultural quarter, a loose collection of creative and multi-media firms with the Showroom Cinema and Workstation Cultural Industries Business Centre at its heart. The CIQ is a non-profit organisation with a wide ranging powers to support and promote the growth of the cultural industries in Sheffield (CIQ Agency 2006). These establishments are all in short distance from each other creating a business community, a range of building sizes, university connectivity and transport links (CIQ Online 2006). Other creative industries around the city include; Botanical Gardens, Peace Gardens, Sheffield Museum and art Gallery and the Crucible. One organization that was established though the cultural Industries Quarter is the Workstation, a creative Business Centre combined with the Showroom Cinema, an independent picture house showing contemporary, classic film, and film from different cultures. It is now an internationally significant cultural centre which hosts annual events and festivals such as The Childrens Film Festival, Sheffield Adventure Film Festival, Sensoria Festival of Music Film and Celluloid Screams. The Showroom regularly hosts festivals and creative events which give a chance to meet experts from different media, learn new skills and cultivate new ideas. Globalisation has had huge affects from the Cultural Industries being successful through the determination of the company becoming globally recognised. According to a journal article written by Brown et al 2000, it states that there was a four stage development plan to move the CIQ from being local, regional, national to internationally known by 1) Nurturing local music/ cultural businesses, 2) create a tourist attraction to bring people to Sheffield and 3) Using these points to create a better image of the city. The creative director of the CIQ stresses that â€Å"We dont want it to be seen as a Sheffield centre, but a national one†. Through working on these plans Sheffields Cultural Industries Quarter have seen visitor numbers up to 500,000 per year which is proven to be a success. Through speaking to the manager of the Showroom in Sheffield, it is clear that through times of the recession and the credit crunch the independent cinema has to market its events and showings carefully to ensure that the visitors are still attending. As the venues most frequent visitors are older people who tend to have a lot of disposable income, they already have a captive audience. However, to gain awareness they have to capture various other market groups to expand its global awareness for example; they can target different ethnic groups and communities through showing different nationality and religious films to attract the certain audience. To conclude, through researching the Cultural Industries and how it has developed through time into the Creative Industries I now have a deeper insight into the background knowledge of the subject and can link it to globalisation and how they have positive and negative affects on one another. From researching Globalisation and the pros and cons it brings to the economy, I can now realise that Globalisation can create as much poverty as it can capital, and the affects it has on local businesses, trades, and workers. The Cultural Industries Quarter in Sheffield has impacted from globalisation through the development and infrastructure of its diverse buildings and content. For example; the showroom has attracted audiences internationally as well as regionally through its specific showings at the cinema and it continues to grow by making Sheffield a Music City by building more buildings to help expand the Cultural Industries Quarter. Finally, globalisation has shaped a mass market for the global economy as a whole and has profoundly meant that the cultural Industries are expanding and recognisable.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Capital Punishment Should Be Banned From Bangladesh Philosophy Essay

Capital Punishment Should Be Banned From Bangladesh Philosophy Essay According to great author and noble prize winner writer George Bernard Shaw, says that Capital Punishment is a vague term. He illustrates the victims as mad dogs, cobras or adders which causes ill to our society. Either we should kill them or educate them to become eligible for remaining in the society. The real problem is the criminal you cannot reform: the human mad dog or cobra. The answer is, kill him kindly and apologetically, if possible without consciousness on his part. Let him go comfortably to bed expecting to wake up in the morning as usual, and not wake up. His general consciousness that this may happen to him should be shared by every citizen as part of his moral civic responsibility. There is a considerable class of persons who become criminals because they cannot fend for themselves, but who under tutelage, superintendence, and provided sustenance are self-supporting and even profitable citizens. They make good infantry soldiers and well-behaved prisoners. But throw them out into the street and they are presently in the dock. They also present no problem. Reorganize their lives for them; and do not prate foolishly about their liberty. Capital punishment is the death penalty given by the government of a country, to people who have committed hideous crimes like homicide, rape, etc. Capital punishment has been a way of punishing people since ages. Although there are some countries that have abolished death penalty from their law, there are still many which still practice the act of killing a person for crime. Capital punishment is prevalent in the US, Asian and Middle Eastern countries. Some of the ways of executing criminals are hanging, shooting, electrocution and giving lethal injections. People have different opinions on the issue of capital punishment given to a convict. While some think that death penalty is necessary for those who have committed a terrible crime, there are others who consider it as an immoral act that goes against the values of humanity. Pros of Capital Punishment ( Taken from a website and edited in a very small amount because all statements are self-explanatory) A person who has committed a crime like killing or raping another person should be given death penalty, which is as severe punishment as the act. It is said that when a criminal is given a capital punishment, it dissuades others in the society from committing such serious crimes. They would refrain from such crimes due to fear of losing their lives. This would definitely help in reducing crime rate in society. If a criminal is jailed, he may again commit the same crime after being released from prison. Giving him capital punishment would make sure that the society is safe from being attacked by criminals. It seems to be an appropriate punishment for serial killers and for those who continue to commit crimes even after serving imprisonment. Some believe that instead of announcing life imprisonment for the convicts, where they would have to live a futile life behind closed bars, it is better to kill them. It is said that imprisoning someone is more expensive than executing him. Rather than spending on a person who may again commit terrifying crime, it is better to put him to death. Capital punishment is equated as revenge for pain and suffering that the criminal inflicted on the victim. Some people strongly believe that a person who has taken the life of another person does not have a right to live. Sentencing such a criminal can give relief to the family members of the victim that their loved one has obtained justice. It is also important for the safety of fellow prison inmates and guards, as people who commit horrifying crimes like murder are believed to have a violent personality and may, in future, attack someone during imprisonment. These reasons emphasize the importance of capital punishment for the betterment of human society. However, there is another section of people who believe that it is an immoral and unethical act of violence. Cons of Capital Punishment If we execute a person, what is the difference between us and the criminal who has committed the horrifying crime of killing another individual. Capital punishment is not always just and appropriate. Usually, it has been seen that poor people have to succumb to death penalty as they cannot afford good lawyers to defend their stance. There are very rare cases of rich people being pronounced capital punishment. Also, an individual from minority communities are more likely to be given death penalty. Every human being is entitled to receive a second chance in life. Putting a convict behind bars is always a logical option than killing him, as there is a chance that he may improve. People who have served life sentences are reported to have bettered their earlier ways of living and have made worthwhile contribution to the society. There is also a chance that an individual is innocent and is wrongly charged for a crime he has never committed. There have been cases where individuals were released after being given death sentence, because they were proved innocent. There are also cases where a persons innocence was proved after he was put to death. Hence, it is best to avoid executing a person. It is reported that there is no relation between capital punishment and crime rate i.e giving death penalty does not decrease crime rate in the society. Crimes are prevalent in countries where capital punishment exists and also where it has been abolished. Bangladesh Perspective and My Opinion: Bangladesh is a country where there is no right to life. By the various way this right has been violating there. The causes of violation to this right are death penalty, extra judicial killings etc. Here is a common practice of death penalty and killings without justice. Every year many peoples are killed by death penalty and by the extra judicial killings. How many people have killed since independence to till today we dont have this statistics. It is no doubt that, death penalty is one kind of killing. Recently five persons were killed in death penalty within a day in Bangladesh. On 28th January, 2010 Bangladesh was executed this death penalty which decision was made by the Bangladesh Supreme Court. The killed persons were self declared killers of Bangabondhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Bangabondhu is the father of the nation of Bangladesh. Though, question has arisen on the execution procedure of this death penalty. I want to inform some statistics on Bangladesh to the national and international community. Especially it for the human rights organization and bodies which are working national and international level for the human rights. We have been seeing and reading the news on death penalty almost every week from Bangladesh which was declared by several courts for various charges. Only by extra judicially at least 1,600 people were killed in Bangladesh since 2004. 58 persons were killed during the Operation clean heart in 2002 led by army. We couldnt remember the horrible mass killings in so-called mutiny at BDR headquarters on 25-26 February, 2009. By that mutiny at least 74 were killed inhumanly including 57 meritorious army officers. After that mutiny at least 71 BDR members was died (Source: the daily Bhorer Kagoj, 25 February, 2010). Most of the died BDR were tortured before death, it was alleged. Anyhow, execution of death penalty is very inhuman, degrading and cruel. And no where it approved. Especially it is prohibited by the Constitution and the Universal Declaration for Human Rights. But, Bangladesh has executing the death penalty as normal. According to the Spinney Press, The UN reaffirmed and strengthened its position against the death penalty in December 2007 when the General Assembly passed a resolution calling upon member states to establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty. Evidence from around the world has shown that the death penalty has no unique deterrent effect on crime. Many people have argued that abolishing the death penalty leads to higher crime rates, but studies in the USA and Canada, for instance, do not back this up. In November 2009 the Crimes Legislation Amendment (Torture Prohibition and Death Penalty Abolition) Bill 2009 was introduced before the House of Representatives. The legislation fulfils Australias obligations under the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights which requires Australia to take all necessary measures to abolish the death penalty. As a consequence, the death penalty will not be able to be re-in troduced anywhere in Australia. Although the world is gradually moving towards abolition of capital punishment, in 2008 an estimated 1,718 people were executed in 25 countries and at least 8,864 people were sentenced to death in 52 countries. Three quarters of those executions took place in Asia, with China carrying out more executions than the rest of the worlds nations put together. Since 1967 when the last Australian (Ronald Ryan) was hanged, the Australia has maintained a policy of opposition to the death penalty. (It was written in the book-The death penalty). According to this book, most of the executions in 2008 were carried out in Asia, where 11 countries continue to practise the death penalty: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Japan, North Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Singapore, and Viet Nam. China alone accounted for at least 1,718 executions although the figure is believed to be much higher as statistics on death sentences and executions remain state secrets. The Middle East and North Africa was the region with the second highest number of executions (508). In Iran, stoning and hanging were among the cruel and inhumane methods used, with at least 346 people put to death, including eight juvenile offenders. In Saudi Arabia, where execution is usually by public beheading, at least 102 people were executed. In the Americas, only the USA consistently executes people, with 37 executions carried out in 2008 including more in Texas than in any other state. The release of four men from death row in the USA on grounds of inn ocence brings to more than 120 the number of such cases released since 1975. The only other country in the Americas to execute in 2008 was St Kitts and Nevis, the first Caribbean state to carry out an execution since 2003. According to the Amnesty International, 93 percents of the world death penalty has executed in China including other four countries. DW-Bengali online section writes (25-2-2010), the European Union was published a declaration on an anti-death penalty. Europe is the first place which is a death penalty free. A proposal of European on anti-death penalty in the Human Rights Commission of Geneva and general assembly of UNO in 1998, was spoiled by the contradictory of USA, China, Africa and some countries of Asia. Though, in 2007 that proposal was passed in general assembly of UNO. And the 58 percents people of China are support to death penalty. In the mean time 93 countries have already abolished to death penalty by making the law. At least 141 country havent giving death penalty, now. We know the Italy has a historical background on anti-death penalty movement. So, we want to thanks and salute to the Italy as well as the countries of European Union for their dedications to the right to life and for the human rights. Our hope, Bangladesh should obey to national and international treaties and declaration for human rights. And Bangladesh government should abolish the death penalty system immediately. If they have believe a little bit on human rights. Islamic Perspective: If anyone kills a person unless it be for murder or for spreading mischief in the land it would be as if he killed all people. And if anyone saves a life, it would be as if he saved the life of all people (Quran 5:32). Life is sacred, according to Islam and most other world faiths. But how can one hold life sacred, yet still support capital punishment? The Quran answers, Take not life, which God has made sacred, except by way of justice and law. Thus does He command you, so that you may learn wisdom (6:151). The key point is that one may take life only by way of justice and law. In Islam, therefore, the death penalty can be applied by a court as punishment for the most serious of crimes. Ultimately, ones eternal punishment is in Gods hands, but there is a place for punishment in this life as well. The spirit of the Islamic penal code is to save lives, promote justice, and prevent corruption and tyranny. Islamic philosophy holds that a harsh punishment serves as a deterrent to serious crimes that harm individual victims, or threaten to destabilize the foundation of society. According to Islamic law (in the first verse quoted above), the following two crimes can be punishable by death: Intentional murder Fasad fil-ardh (spreading mischief in the land) Intentional Murder The Quran legislates the death penalty for murder, although forgiveness and compassion are strongly encouraged. The murder victims family is given a choice to either insist on the death penalty, or to pardon the perpetrator and accept monetary compensation for their loss (2:178). Fasaad fi al-ardh The second crime for which capital punishment can be applied is a bit more open to interpretation. Spreading mischief in the land can mean many different things, but is generally interpreted to mean those crimes that affect the community as a whole, and destabilize the society. Crimes that have fallen under this description have included: Treason / Apostacy (when one leaves the faith and joins the enemy in fighting against the Muslim community) Terrorism Land, sea, or air piracy Rape Adultery Homosexual behavior Actual methods of capital punishment vary from place to place. In some Muslim countries, methods have included beheading, hanging, stoning, and firing squad. Executions are held publicly, to serve as warnings to would-be criminals. It is important to note that there is no place for vigilantism in Islam one must be properly convicted in an Islamic court of law before the punishment can be meted out. The severity of the punishment requires that very strict evidence standards must be met before a conviction is found. The court also has flexibility to order less than the ultimate punishment (for example, imposing fines or prison sentences), on a case-by-case basis. At the end I want to say that Capital Punishment is necessary, if the situation is applicable. This is not unethical or immoral but it has to be seen that the griminal is passes with ease and relief.